Enterprise infrastructure Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enterprise infrastructure - Article ExampleThe deal leave behind give AT&T an opportunity to reorganize the video entertainment industry. It leave have the content to offer new data bundles and leave content to customers using different screens such as laptops, alert devices, and TVs. The companys preference on DirecTV is because of its premier brand in tv subscription, content relationships, and its spry growth rate. DirecTV has more than 20 million subscribers compared to the 5 million subscribers of AT&Ts U-verse television service. The satellite provider owns the NFL Sunday Ticket package for out of market football games that pull up stakes besides add value to AT&T.AT&T is eager in experimenting new methods of video distribution. It will satisfy the customers who want to enjoy television on big screens, have TV on their smartphones on a Netflix style, or any other way possible. The approval of the deal will provide AT&T with growth opportunities due to the increased tel evision revenues.Upon the deals approval by the regulators, it will be part of the continued wave consolidation in the telecommunication and television industries. Comcast, the countrys largest cable provider, also awaits a regulatory approval to merge with TWC. The parent wireless company provider Sprint Softbank is in efforts to acquire T-Mobile. Paul Gallant, a Guggenheim Partners analyst describes the situation as an arms race.The encyclopedism will create a content distribution leader in video, mobile, and broadband platforms. The companies would have to face competitive disadvantages and to merge them as a single entity will increase their competitiveness. To demonstrate the acquisition advantage, DirecTV satellites cannot provide the high internet speed connections that many customers prefer, of which AT&T can. In an attempt to lure the cap regulators to approve the deal, their Sunday presentation asserts that the hybrid company will provide internet connections to areas t hat lack. The statement will

World Trade Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

World dispense face - Essay ExampleIt is a paradigm shift or a movement as we might call it, unitary that brings more stability within the ranks (where it is applied) and unison in the efforts and activities of all concerned. to a greater extent often than not, we have seen improvements within the present day systems owing to globalization and it is because of this very perspective of flip that we see world bodies doing their utmost to reach out to far flung areas and explore hidden markets for the betterment of one and all. (Berberoglu, 2005)In an economic zone, globalization plays a significant role at increasing trade on an international front which as compared to the global economy, is much faster and ahead of its time. Furthermore, we can predict an sum up in the flow of capital that has been coming from the global regimes which might allow in for the foreign direct enthronization as being one part of it. (Aase, 2004) Then there are the agreements which are signed on a gl obal scale that eventually lead to world bodies like the World Trade Organization (WTO) and others. Global financial systems also come to light as their developmental work gets thumbs up. International proceedings speed up as the world bodies like WTO, WIPO, IMF and the like play their role in a more coherent and active manner. Economic practices like global sourcing or outsourcing as we know of it, off-shoring and others addition courtesy the multinational concerns. Within globalization, the legal stance is one that focuses more on the increase in the number of different standards worldwide, which in all essence must be made use of. These include copyright laws, privacy obligations, patenting and others which somehow or the other mesh along well with the legal poser of different multinationals and institutions as a result of the same. Globalization helps improve cultural exchange across a wide cross section of regions scattered all over the world. It helps in playing

Child Abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Child Abuse - seek Paper ExampleThe rates are probably much higher than these estimated numbers. Hence it is legal, ethical, moral and crucial decision to report and handle barbarian sophisticate and neglect. It is not only difficult to identify handle electric shaverren it is also difficult to handle the management of these children. This article is intended to gain insight into various types of abuse, their do on the children and strategies available to manage such children. Definition of child abuse and neglect The definition of child abuse and neglect varies from state to state and country to country. According to the Child Abuse Pr planetion and intervention Act (CAPTA) of United States (cited in McDonald, 2007), abuse is a recent stand for or failure to act that results in death, serious corporal or emotional disability, informal abuse or exploitation, or threatening risk of serious harm involves a child and is carried out by a rise up or solicitudegiver who is responsible for the childs welfare. The definition is for that abuse caused by caregiver or parent of the child. Also, failure to act, because of which serious harm has resulted, is also considered as abuse or neglect. It is important to note that harm or disuse caused by other acquaintances or strangers is not considered as child abuse or neglect. While direct or indirect infliction of any sort of physical, mental or sexual injury is considered as child abuse, deprivation of the basic necessities like food, clothing, care and medical attention is considered as child neglect. Types of child abuse and neglect The most common type of child abuse is physical abuse. Anger on the part of the parent or caregiver can miscalculate the extent of price that can be inflicted to the child resulting in physical injuries. In most cases, the injuries are unintentional. Physical abuse can occur from any form of physical act either by parent or caregiver or by any other person who is responsible f or the child (McDonald, 2007). The injury may range from simple bruise to severe fractures. Since bruise is an indication of damage to body tissue and time out of blood vessels, discipline methods which cause bruises are considered as child abuse. The physical abuse may even lead to death. These injuries are termed abuse irrespective of the intentions behind the acts. Neglect is another type of child abuse that merits importance (McDonald, 2007). Failure on the part of the parent, caregiver or guardian to provide for the basic inevitably of the child is called neglect. The neglect may be physical, medical, educational or emotional. Inadequate provision of required food, entertain and proper supervision is called physical negligence. Medical negligence is failure to provide proper medical care or appropriate mental health treatment. Failure to attend to appropriate education needs of the child on the part of the parent, caregiver or guardian is know as educational negligence. Whe n there is no proper attention to the emotional and psychological needs of the child, emotional negligence ensues (McDonald, 2007). Allowing the child to consume alcohol and take illicit drugs or other dangerous substances or drugs is also considered as emotional negligence because, children do not know the difference between right and wrong and it is the duty of the parents or caregivers to attention them adapt to good conducts and behaviors (McDonald, 2007). When child abuse involves sexual activity which cannot be comprehended to by the child, it is known as sexual abuse. While

The Human Resource Function Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Human preferencefulness Function - Case Study ExampleCadbury Schweppes has as its main objective the delivery of headmaster stockholder value. To pass on this objective, the company stresses the need for all employees to learn the different oddments of the company so that they can thin out their efforts towards achieving these goals which will in turn lead the company toward its overall objective of delivering superior stockholder performance.This written report aims at looking at critically evaluating the nature and presence of the human resource strategy that appears to be in operation at Cadbury Schweppes in the light of the wider business strategy. The paper also presents a treatment of how the Human Resource Function can position itself toward delivering the people strategy based on raise gathered from the case study as well as the understanding of the development of Human resource melt downs. Having said this, the paper will begin by critically evaluating the na ture and presence of the human resource strategy in section 1.1 below and later a discussion how the Human resource function can position itself will be presented in section 1.2.The human resource strategy that appears to be in operation at Cadbury Schweppes seems to be in conflict with the companys business strategy. ... Its number one goal for 2004-07 is not excellence, innovation or developing its people. It is simply to deliver superior shareholder performance. The last mentioned quotation clearly shows that Cadbury Schweppes does not care about developing its people, all it cares about is delivering superior shareholder value. According to Lengnick-Hall and Lengnick-Hall (1988 p. 451) citing Porter (1985) and Huselid (1995 p. 636) citing Begin (1991) Butler, Feris, & Napier (1991) Cappelli & Singh (1992) Jackson and Schuler (1995) Porter (1985) Schuler (1992) Wright and McMahan (1992), human resource management can economic aid a firm obtain sustained free-enterprise(a) adva ntage by lowering costs, increasing sources of products and go differentiation, or by both. Lengnick-Hall and Lengnick-Hall (1988 p. 451) define competitive advantage as those capabilities, resources, relationships, and decisions that permit a firm to capitalise on opportunities and avoid threats within its industry. Lengnick-Hall and Lengnick-Hall (1988 p. 451) further states that in order for a firm to achieve competitive advantage through human resources, the activities must be managed from a strategic perspective. Cadbury Schweppes seems to have deep in thought(p) out in this domain. It has focused most of its attention on delivering shareholder value but fails to understand that it is only after integrating strategic human resource management into its business strategy that superior shareholder value may be delivered. Another interesting point is that even if Cadbury Schweppes has got some competitive advantage as demonstrated through its current levels of profitability, thi s competitive advantage may not be sustainable if it does not properly

Overviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Overviews - strive ExampleAccording to NHS (2012), it requires the working together of various practitioners so that they can provide the best uncomplaining centered care. This involves the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management of these cases. Typically, the management entails designing, evaluating and implementing the needed interventions to handle both acute and chronic cordial health conditions. The national Quality Protects objectives are normally adapted to improve care management and returns delivery for adults with mental health problems. In the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment and management of such conditions, it is normally imperative where take to ensure that the patients are attached to the carers who have the capability of providing them with not only safe but similarly effective care for the duration of the service. As such every aspect of the management should always be designed in a way that ensures the patient always gets services from practitioners w ho are capable of bighearted effective services. This at times requires the formation of a multi-disciplinary team to help out in better-looking the best possible care.Before initial visit it is important to investigate if service substance abuser inescapably help with communication. It is important to keep service user informed about any relevant books related to service users situation.Also to identify service users strengths and birth network this include inviting other relevant parties to the meeting to identify social and individual strengths. First tick off information held for accuracy.If the service user satisfies the FACS criteria, then next stage is to explain available to service user and/or carer in order to agree a care plan strategy. It is important to evaluate the of the hold care plan before implementing to prevent lack of providing needs or identifying risk.Due to the high preponderance of the mental illnesses and disorders, it is normally imperative to carry out an

Review on The Man with a movie camera 1928 b&w, silent Dziga Vertov Essay

Review on The Man with a movie camera 1928 b&w, silent Dziga Vertov (90min) - Essay ExampleFirstly, he reminds the audience, that this is an experiment in cinematic communication without the aid of inter-titles, sets actors and a scenario. Then he tells that this is an effort to create a truly international absolute language for cinema. His ternary claim is that this is an attempt to totally separate cinema from menage and literature so that a excellent cinematic language is born.Everything mundane and commonplace are attributed a core from the very beginning of the hit. plainly enough space is given in the film for the viewer to indulge in this process of meaning creation on his/her own rather than agree to what the film maker suggests. The unfolding of the chairs in the theatre is recorded in a montage form as if that was the most important event of the day in that theatre. The long pause before the performance in which every artist holds his or her soupcon and is on the ver ge of starting to play is withal made subject of another montage. This kind of particularization of the trivia progresses towards subtle and profound meaning creation as the film moves on.The camera heart and soul is interspersed with the gentle eye in several frames. Images are repeated in different compositions to add a saucily element of detail. For example, there is a film poster of which we first see the pictures only. Later the name of the film also is displayed making us remember the image that we saw earlier in a mod light.The film is divided into nine segments. Novel and even wild editing techniques are used throughout. four-fold exposures are used to emotionally link workers with the machines they use. Detailing with a passion to find correlations between kind-hearted behaviour and actions of the machines has resulted in a number of powerful cuts like that from the close up of blinking of an eye to the movement of camera shutter blinds. Washing of human body is corr elated with washing of walls of a building. Vertov also includes the process of film making into this creative interface of humans

Write a complete laboratory report that covers all three experiments Essay - 1

Write a complete laboratory report that covers in all three experiments for Lab 2 Water Quality and Contamination - Essay Exampleater comprises at to the lowest degree 70% of the earth, only about 1% percent of this pissing is fresh piddle, and the rest 99% of the water system is non-usable salty water. The process of purifying salty water to make it usable fresh water is exceedingly complicated and expensive and as such, people, legion(predicate) animals, and plants have to survive on the 1%.There are three sources of fresh water used by people and animals instal water, surface water, and aquifers. Surface water includes water that collects on the ground by means of the process of precipitation and which does not evaporate back to the tune or even infiltrates to the ground. This water collects in such places such as rivers, lakes, among others. Ground water on the other hand settles underneath the ground, and is stored in pores, fractures, or solid rock underneath the eart h surface. This water collects in these places through the infiltration process. Aquifers on the other hand are areas where water collects such as in sand, gravel or permeable rock.Although rainwater is pure, it gets foul very fast, especially after it touches the ground through man made, natural and animal pollutants. Ground pollutants travel from one place to another through streams, rivers, or ground water while others are available in the air. Man-made pollutants include repel oil, petrol and diesel, acidic chemicals, among others.There are many dangers of consuming contaminated water, especially the potential of these impurities in causing diseases. Poisons, disease causing agents and toxins can reside in water, and adversely affect people. Medics believe that contaminated water such as toxins and lead acid chemicals are responsible for majority of cancers affecting many people today. It is because of these impurities and dangers associated with contaminated water that water purification becomes

The Epic of Gilgamesh (trans. Maureen Gallery Kovacs) Essay

The larger-than-life of Gilgamesh (trans. Maureen Gallery Kovacs) - Essay ExampleKing Gilgamesh is supposed to have lived around 2700 B.C. After the death of Gilgamesh stories of his enormous deeds were propagated through oral transmission. Though short episodes of these stories were written later, the first complete version of the large was written in Akkadian, the extinct Semitic language of the Southern Mesopotamia. Later so many versions of the desperate appe ard in written form. The translation by Maureen Gallery Kovacs is from the Standard Akkadian Edition.. Originally written in 12 clay tablets in Cuneiform script, the translator chooses to eliminate tablet twelve, for the simple rea tidings that it appears to be more than a sequel to the first eleven tablets. Why it is an Epic? Epic poems are farsighted poems that remark the deeds of heroes of legendary Stature. Gilgamesh, the king of Uruk was two third God and one third human. Gilgamesh is strong to perfection, son of august cow Rimat Ninsun Gilgamesh is awesome to perfection. (Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet 1 35-36). The stories of legendary epic heroes happen long long ago, there by taking the listener/reader to a world of super reality and impertinent enchantment. Both the time and the space of the epics are, far too removed from our day today realities. The Epic of Gilgamesh is no different. ... xamples for these epic poetic patterns are Homers Odyssey, and Saint Valmikis Indian epic poem, Ramayana written in the ancient Indian language of Sanskrit. The second and third books of Ramayana deals with the going of King Rama into exile into the woodwind where he confronts the demon king Ravana who steals away the kings wife Sita and he had to fight to deposit back his wife. Odyssey, as the rattling title of the epic indicates is the return journey of the King Odysseus ten geezerhood after the Trojan War which it self lasted for ten years. The Epic of Gilgamesh has two journeys One from the fo rest and fantastical life into the civilization and the other a reverse journey from the evils of civilization to the wisdom of the wilderness. Both journeys are hazardous, full of challenges -- physical as well as from the forces of nature. Odysseus and Gilgamesh Comparison between Odysseus and Gilgamesh, both heroes of ancient literature, is very interesting in that their approaches to the challenges are different. Gilgamesh, one third God and the rest human used to be sadistic to his people. He oppressed the newly married women during their wedding nights. He challenged young men with games and tests of capability or exhausted them with forced labor. Unable to bear with these the people of the kingdom cry out to the Gods in the haven above, to rescue them from the sadistic attitudes and actions of their own king. The Gods responding to the plea of the people decide to create an equal to Gilgamesh so that he will get distracted from his sadistic attitudes and activities. This al ter ego of Gilgamesh is Enkidu. He is a primeval man who has a very hairy body and is inhabited with animals in the forest. The first journey in The Epic of Gilgamesh is the journey of Enkidu from the

How were the Germans (or at least the people described in the Essay

How were the Germans (or at least the stack described in the book)seduced by the national socialists and how did they rationalize their suppo - Essay ExampleInstead, it became ten Germans sufficiently different from angiotensin-converting enzyme another and sufficiently link unto one another to have been Nazis (Mayer). His tarradiddle of the sociological influences and impacts of national socialism in pre-World War II Germany in They Thought They Were Free is divided into three parts Ten custody, The Germans, and Their Cause and Cure. Although the author says numerous times that the issue is one of deep complexity, these three divisions seem to offer a way of understanding how to classify the disparate parts of the issue. Mayers work is for the most part focused on his ten Nazi friends, who give him a large set of insights into the rise and degenerate of the National Socialist party in Germany. In the first twelve chapters, Mayer offers a benevolent account of Nazisms rise. Af ter all, it examines the reasons why the ten Nazi Germans allowed Hitlers influence to spread end-to-end their small town of Kronenberg. However, the benevolent account is superficial in that it does not apologize for the Nazi sympathizers, only if rather provides an objective look into why they accepted the authority of a dictator, rather than living in the post-World War I Germany that previous generations had suffered through. Seeking out the benefits of centralized power, the ten lower class single(a)s showcased in Mayers narrative joined the Nazi Party in order to secure a higher(prenominal) self-esteem, mainly through easier access to jobs and a national pride that had long ago faded. For the most part, the individual citizens who took up the Nazi cause cared very little for the exact specifics of the program advocated by Hitler and others however, it was the fringe benefits of the frame that caught their attention. The anti-Semitic stance of the government was an acceptab le compromise for many who had no personal or excited connection to their Jewish neighbors, who were being run out of the country and financially ruined by political seizures. This anti-Semitic environment was something that had always dealt with, and they believed it was necessary for disposing of the parliamentary system that held back social progress. The Nazis that Mayer interviews were not tranquilize or irrationally appealed to in order to surrender their liberties to a totalitarian government. The Nazis appealed to the rational self- fires of the German citizens make political promises to the country that addressed the kinds of deeply problematic social and economic problems that had afflicted the nation for decades. By contextualizing the rise of Nazism with the Great Depression, which afflicted Germany just as it afflicted the United States, one realizes the soothe with which a party of promises could gain influence quickly among the working classes. Additionally, the popular perception of Hitler was that of a gigantic enemy to communism the same motivation that operated on many Americans during the Cold War. By examining the rationalization for Nazi power in the years leading up to World War II, one begins to see the interest that Mayer has in social movements following inspirational leaders. By taking the Nazis, who were socialists, as the enemy of communism, the German good deal sought self-interest, not community. This is understandable that people would seek their self-interest in an economically downtrodden country however, what Nazism became after it attained power went far beyond the economic

Young Australians Are Facing an Obesity Crisis Research Paper

Young Australians Are Facing an Obesity Crisis - Research make-up ExampleYoung people of Australia may be highly affected as they atomic number 18 aflame eaters and love to consume high caloric food items. On the other hand, the genetic tendency to stupefy overweight can increase the obesity level of the body. A limited proportion of several first harmonic hormonal issues, such as insulin resistance or polycystic ovaries can also increase the likelihood of tautological weight gain (Smith, 2011). The individuals or newborn people may find it difficult to reduce their wasted weight due to the above-menti atomic number 53d aspects and tendencies. Beer is one of the popular alcoholic drinks among the young Australians. Excessive glycerol ingredients in spite of appearance the Australian beer are another reason behind this rising obesity level.Obesity is referred to as one of the critical and dangerous medical conditions. According to the medical science, obese or overweight can have several complexities in the bodies of the young people in near future. High cholesterol, fatty liver, health-wise, orthopedic problems, vegetable marrow disease, diabetes, menstrual irregularities, difficulty in losing extra weight, shortness of breath and long-term infertility are the study risk factors for the young people of Australia. In addition, high obesity has several crippling and negative worked up side effects that can hamper the mental states of young people. ponderous is the major consequence of obesity. Overweight can reduce the self-esteem level of a young individual. All teenagers and young people test to maintain their physical fitness compared to the others. Overweight can prevent the young people to consume attractively and well-fitting clothes. Moreover, the obese individuals cannot eat and drink freely and comfortably among their friends or associates (Miller, 2007). Most importantly, the individuals can feel that they are socially excluded due to the ir overweight and obese. Low self-esteem level can force a young person to become a pessimist.

Math 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Math 5 - Essay Example(2) Find dickens informative websites that cover metric and or customary units and post a link to them. Discuss the similarities and differences amongst the two sites. Explain which site do you prefer and why?The two informative websites are http//lamar.colostate.edu/hillger/common.html which presents the unremarkably used metric system of units and http//www.conservapedia.com/US_Customary_System_of_Units which demonstrates the US customary system of units. In the metric system, quantity pertaining to length, thickness, distance, or girth is measured in terms of meter while the customary system consists of inch, foot, yard, and mile (statute or nautical). Based on metric units, the volume may be in millilitre (mL), cubic atomic number 96 (cm3), liter (L), and cubic meter (m3) whereas based on the US customary units, liquid volume is quantified by the units in wide use like ounce, pint, quart, and gallon. I prefer the site for customary units because most the great unwashed have become accustomed to them especially with reference to commodities in marketplace and other commercial establishments where measurements put forward be pictured with ease through containers and corresponding shapes that represent customary

Internet Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

meshing Research - Essay ExampleIt is even easier and more economical to a certain extent to circuit breaker the internet than to go to a public library to search for books. The internet allows you to search and custom culture at the safety and comfort of your own home or office.The internet also offers a all-embracing array of means to search for data. There are a variety of search engines available for use to cater to whatever your need is. For the purpose of determining if internet look for is really very reformative and sufficient in acquiring data for a specific study or matter, I set about employed internet research as the primary and the only data gathering methodology for say the question Is the population of the UK healthier than it was 5 or 10 years ago.The initial part of my research plan is to come up with topics or questions related to the health of the UK population. These topics would help me find answers to the main question. I then chose three search engine s www.Google.com for the web-crawler type, www.Dogpile.com for the meta-search type and www.UKwizz.com for the one category based type. I had a encumbrance with the one category based search engine because I was non able to immediately find out the better choice between a health specific search engine and a country or geography specific search engine. ... I know that the search results are to a great extent dependent on the search topics or criteria. The way in which the subject is entered in the search cuff has a lot of weight because the search engines are also greatly dependent on key fruit words in order to search for accurate matches. I had scrapped topics like the increase or diminution of insurance health claims in the UK, and the increase or decrease of pharmaceutical practice of medicine sales in the UK. The insurance health claims subject returned useless sites where most of the sites involved insurance companies and their policies. On the other hand, the medicine sales search subject resulted to consumer sites offering medicines and websites of pharmaceutical companies.I came up with four reasonable topics which I used to search for information I needed to check whether the UK population now is healthier than basketball team or ten years before. The topics were UK Population Health Trends, UK Health Campaigns, UK Mortality rate and New benignant Diseases in UK. I initially planned on using questions as search subjects but resolved not to after a certain number of tries. I discovered that the more words you take in the statement you put in the search box, the less accurate the results generated are. This is because the engine looks at either word in the statement entered and generates hits involving the most number of words, which it saw in the statement. These words may not be in order. It is the most number of word combinations that the engine looks for. Since the words are not in order, then the essence or meaning of the statement rel ating to the generated result is oftentimes not related to the topic being searched for.I chose Google as my web crawler search engine mainly

Wallstreet Journal Opion Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wallstreet Journal Opion - Article pillow slipMr. Galston refers to the BLS report precisely forgets to consider that the measures stated in the report do not measure the detail contri justion of capital, labor, or any other factor of production but do reflect changes in technology, capital investment, managerial skills, effort of workforce, level of output and material. Moreover, he fails to explain role of workers to share losings and stresses of ownership in relation to sharing of productivity gains. Firms already share gains from increased productivity with their shareholders and for those workers who disposition for the surplus value has to purchase the companys stock.The implementation and enforcement of a productivity-to-pay method would draw a number of implications such as diverse effects on capital investment and hiring, and avoidance of evaluate penalties by businesses. Furthermore, the challenge in our economy is neither shortage of capital nor weakness of demand but an environment full of regulations and laws that tend to discourage investment. Thus, the argument by Galston is not only erroneous but also impractical in any

EasyJet A No Frills Airline Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EasyJet A No Frills Airline - Coursework ExampleStrategy refers to the action plan, which is designed for reaching long-term objectives (Nickols, 2012). A strategy framed at the business take aim is usually termed as business level strategy. It can be further defined as the adoption along with the implementation of vital decisions towards the growth of long-term objectives (Beard & Dess, 1981).The term free-enterprise(a) advantage refers to the competitive position, wherein one organisation is able to generate more revenues as compared to other related companies. For instance, Micromax, a mobile phone company, grabbed a high market assign in nations such as India through the utilisation of comprise leadership strategy. A company achieves greater competitive position, when it is able to gain control over its competitors relating to every business or operational spirit (Ware & Grantham, 2010).Although Easyjet has utilised several strategies for developing its competitive posit ion, the airline company mainly focused on cost leadership strategy amid the prime ones (Gallagher, 2004). Cost leadership strategy refers to gaining high market share by providing goods and services at the lowest possible prices. Michael Porter first genuine and defined the concept of this detail strategy. The other available options can be reckoned as differentiation and niche market strategies (Dess & Davis, 1984).Michael Porter developed three generic strategies that aimed at supporting the organisations towards fulfilling their respective objectives. In this regard, one of such strategies is cost leadership, which leads to attain superior competitive advantage through reduction in costs. Differentiation strategy aims at gaining competitive advantage by providing the customers with unique features embedded in the products and services (Dess & Davis, 1984). Focus or niche marketing strategy derives

Dissection and graded assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dissection and class-conscious - Assignment ExampleA progressive disorder can be dealt with if proper genetic interrogatory is done, but at times unpreventable diseases are found out by genetic testing. In these cases there are ethical issues which may arise. An example of an ethical issue arising due to genetic testing is the chance of someone using a persons personal information against someone which could turn off to be harmful. Hence it can be clearly stated that genetic testing is a military issue of privacy and individual excerption. Laws passed by HIPAA and GINA protect personal information of those being tested and eradicate the chances of difference (Norrgard, 2008).1. You are an epidemiologist at a county hospital. The hospital has asked you to examine the effects of antibiotics administered to patients before surgery that involves opening of the toilet table cavity. The time frame for administration of antibiotics to patients before surgery is 2-hour intervals for up to 24 hours. The overall objective of the training is to reduce surgical infections and deaths associated with surgery. The hospital administration has given you 15 years to complete the study.The purpose of administering antibiotics prophylactically is all important(p) prior to any surgery. The main need for this administration is to prevent any possible post-surgery infections. The possible shock infections result in extended stays of patients at hospitals. These infections develop due to microbial virulence factors, local anaesthetic factors, surgical techniques and systemic factors. Over the years epidemiologists at the hospital facility worked to choose the best fitting antibiotic. The antibiotic had low toxicity and low chances of allergies. The antibiotic of choice was given 30 minutes before the surgery. The concentration of the drug given was adjusted with the duration of surgery. In surgeries which involved incising the chest cavity, the antibiotic of choice was c efazolin (Holzheimer, 2001). A comparative study was carried out between the efficacies of two

Challenges of Ecotourism in Antarctica Essay Example for Free

Challenges of Eco excursionism in Antarctica EssayAntarctica is one of the largest and most tenuous environments on humans. It is r atomic mo 18 and unique, and few people get the opportunity to visit such an extraordinary place. Antarcticas unique environment and climate touch ons it apart from separate tourist destinations. However, the hostile wilderness creates many challenges for ecotourism. there is a concern regarding the high concentration of tourists and their environmental tinge at the few landing sites available. The real(a) debate is whether tourism layabout benefit, or threaten the saving of Antarctica. Ecotourism, in its early historical origins has been close linked to nature oriented tourism. For example, Laarman and Durst, in reference to ecotourism, defined it as a nature tourism where a traveler is interested and drawn to a destination because of its features and essential history. The visit combines education, recreation, and often imperil (Laarma n and Durst 19875). Defining ecotourism is not easily done, difficulties defining it are mainly due to the multidimensional nature of the definitions, and the position that each dimension involved represents a continuum of possibilities (Blamey 1997).The Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as responsible travel to natural areas, which hold the environment and improves the welfare of local people (Western 19938). Ceballos-Lascurain (1987 14) defines ecotourism as traveling to relatively undisturbed or unpolluted natural areas with the specific objective of studying, admiring, and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as surface as any subsisting cultural manifestations (both past and present) found in these areas. The tourism industry of Antarctica is often everyplacelooked as a factor of environmental degradation.It is important that more attention is drawn to assessing the current state of this large continent. Beck (1994) states that, tourists, scientists, and other visitors to Antarctica have tremendous environmental extend tos. Tourist shipping burn down pose an environmental risk, and there is reasoned reason for concern. in that respect have been several marine accidents in recent years. There was the case of an Argentinean generate vessel Bahia Paraiso, which ran a ground on January 28, 1989, spilling 600 metric tones of fuel into Antarcticas pristine waters (Culver 1991). some other environmental impacts include engine emissions that contribute to air pollution.The noise generated from outboard motors on inflatable zodiacs, turbulency created from tourist ships and the grey water sewer they emit also creates harmful personal effects. More responsibility is beingness demanded out of eco tourists visiting Antarctica. For example Salen Lindblads 164-passenger ship the Frontier Spirit has been reinforced, and also contains a sewage treatment plant, refrigerated waste storage area, and a special storage area for non-biodegra dable waste (Cebellos-Lascurain 1996). some other main concern is in the peninsula region of Antarctica where there are several highly hard, high indite sites.The concentration of tourism activities leads to the potential for all over visitation in these areas. A present study of Magellanic penguins demonstrates that piece impact puts a big(p) amount of stress on the species. Simple human presence can be physiologically stressful for breeding at nest sites (Fowler 1999). The Antarctic environment is very slender and not used to human activities. However the study also found that birds exposed to high levels of tourists are not effected over time and concludes that as a result tourism should be concentrated to certain areas while others are kept off limits to human presence.People have been going to Antarctica for over 100 years. Prior to 1950, nearly all trips to Antarctica were either exploratory or scientific expeditions (Cessford 1997). As a result of human activity in the area there has been a connection with industrial, national and scientific programs. Human activity has also caused the development of alien microbes, fungi, plants, and animals. These alien species that are mostly European in origin exist on most of the sub Antarctic islands and some even occur on the continent itself. These species in turn can have both a direct and indirect impact on the Antarctic ecosystem (Fenot 2004).It has yet been recently that biologists have conducted any research into diseases of Antarctic wildlife to note the effects of human activity. These studies look at marine mammals and penguins for bacteria flora and pathogens (disease causing organisms). Blood tests for antibodies of a modification of species have also been taken to check for viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic disease. A study conducted in the summer season of 2000/2001, Dr. Todhunter and Dr. Terris took swab collections of specimens from passengers boots aboard the Kapitan Khlebnikov, wh ich led to tentative findings of a wide range of potential pathogens.In another study 233 fecal samples from 8 bird species were taken from 6 different penguin colonies, which are on a regular basis visited by tourists. The samples were investigated for pathogens of potential human origin. No human related bacteria were found, which suggests that the tourism industry in the Antarctic region has achieved its goal of not introducing any pathogens so far. While the tourist season only ranges from October to April, currently tourism in Antarctica involves over 30 agencies, and 40,000 tourists per annum (Lambert 2005). Antarctica is the ultimate destination for anyone interested in natural history, but it also challenges the same people that visit to think about our responsibilities to all life on earth (Lambert 2005). Tourists to Antarctica are most likely to fall in to the category of eco tourist, as there are no restaurants, theaters or art galleries, and the experience is about learn ing about and viewing one of the earths last untouched continents. Boo (1990) states that for conservation management to succeed, tourism must be a tool to educate thus creating real benefits for a geological location.Although tourism and human contact on Antarctica is showing some negative impacts, it has also encouraged conservation efforts in the region. Another step towards the comprehension of potential environmental impact is the creation of the IATTO (International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators). In 1991 seven tour operators active in Antarctica formed IATTO. It was created to act as a single organization. The goal of IATTO is to promote and reading safe environmentally responsible private-sector travel to the Antarctic. Currently there are 80 member organizations representing 14 countries. IATTO 2008) This environmental communications protocol designates Antarctica as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science and seeks to get word human activities, such as tourism, have no adverse effects on the Antarctic environment, or on its scientific and aesthetic values. With a recent increase in the number of members in the IAATO it shows that companies are becoming more aware of the environmentally sensitive concerns related to Antarctica and the importance of such an organization. The increase in membership does not necessarily mean that there has been a drastic increase in the number of tourists visiting Antarctica.All current Antarctica tour operators file yearly environmental impact assessments to their national authorities. There are few places on earth that have never been to war, where the environment is fully nurseed and scientific research has priority over anything else. (IAATO 2008) The Antarctic treaty can be accredited with the successful vindication of Antarctica. Formed on June 23, 1961 the treaty covers the area south of 60 degrees latitude and consists of 46 countries. Its objectives are childlike and unique, demilitarize A ntarctica and make it a zone free of nuclear tests, and disposal of radioactive waste.As well as be used for peaceful purposes only (IAATO 2008). To promote international cooperation in the Antarctic and set aside disputes over territorial sovereignty. The treaty parties meet each year and have adopted over 300 recommendations and negotiated separate international agreements, of which 3 are still in use. These include 1. The convention for the conservation of Antarctic seals which was established in 1972. 2. The convention for conservation of Antarctica marine living resources established in 1980. 3. The protocol on Environmental protection to the Atlantic Treaty established in 1991.These agreements and the original treaty leave alone the rules to govern all activities in relation to Antarctica. Collectively known as the Antarctica Treaty System (ATS). In conclusion it is apparent that Antarctica is a very fragile environment, and any kind of human involvement can pose great risks if the correct precautions are not taken. It is clear to me that eco tourism can benefit the great continent of Antarctica, those visiting become ambassadors as they learn about the importance of preservation. Boo (1990) explains that tourists become emotionally attached to an area and will contribute funds to preserve it.It is important for organizations like the IAATO to continue their packaging of safe and environmentally responsible travel to the Antarctic. Continued research is necessary to make sure that tourists as well as scientists leave as little of a human footprint as possible. Antarctica is a beautiful place on earth, and I believe that when people are educated about their impact on such a vulnerable area and regulations are put in place to protect the area that everyone should be able to experience the Antarctic continent in all of its magnificence.

Watergate scandal Essay Example for Free

Watergate shite EssayIn 1972, five burglars tried to break into the Watergate office twist but were arrested at the crime scene by the police. The burglars were planning to enter and bug the Democratic subject atomic number 18a committee offices which were the Democrats headquarters. After investigations it was later revealed that the burglars were employed by the test committee for re-election of prexy Nixon. Furthermore, it came to be cognise that the Watergate incident was one of the spying and sabotage political exhorts conducted by chairwoman Nixon and his campaign round (Lewis, 1972). The President and his campaign team were spying on the activities of the Democrats who happened to be their major political opponent. By spying on them they might be commensurate check off the tactics or the methods they were using in campaigning and this volition enable them to adopt new and better offices than those of the Democrats. Similarly, if the Democrats campaigning metho ds were better of than theirs they could use them earlier earlier the Democrats had a chance to implement them.Later, in 1973, after investigations were done two former officials of President Nixons campaign team, Liddy and McCord, were arrested and arraigned in court and convicted of bugging, burglary and conspiracy. More than 60 witnesses testified and nearly 100 evidence pieces were collected and used in the court hearing. In accordance to the testimony from the one of the witnesses, Liddy was given more than $332,000 by the deputy campaign director to carry out a spying operation. Liddy was found guilty of burglary and conspiracy and was sentenced to 35 old age imprisonment and fined $40,000.McCord was found guilty of burglary, conspiracy and attempted bugging and was thence sentenced to 45 years imprisonment and fined nigh $60,000 (Meyer, 1973). The scandal led to the resignation of two White House aides and the attorney general. The President genuine their resignations a nd proceeded to fire the counsel of the White House. By accepting their resignations the President was attempting to conceal his involvement in the scandal and was trying to avoid the occurrence of another scandal by firing the Counsel of the White House.The death chair goes for state of state of ward and creates a committee to investigate the Watergate scandal and prosecute the suspects (Stern Johnson, 1973). In a televised interview, President Nixon say himself to be clean of any involvement in the Watergate scandal. He goes on to say that he neer profited from the Watergate issue and did not obstruct justice in any way while performing his field duties. At the White House, the President recorded all his conversations in tapes and hence any information about Watergate scandal discussed in the White House must have been recorded and saved in the tapes.This therefore made him refuse to reveal the tape recordings since they might contain around information which could destroy his presidential career. However, in spite of him refusing to provide the tape recordings, to ensure his innocence, he promised to provide more evidence by means of documents and tapes and even give more details about his financial accounts. The President went forward to accuse the Democrats for conspiring to deal him from office because he had refused to boost their high support prices.Consequently, he admitted for not supervising his campaign staff adequately thereby leading to the Watergate scandal. During the televised speech, the President was noted to be nervous and was even misspelling some of his words but he still managed to control himself and plead his innocence (Kilpatrick, 1973). In spite of President Nixons plead for innocence, all activities done by his campaign team needed his consent, and hence they is no way his campaign team would get involved in an illegal activity without him knowing.In addition, his Chief disturb Director must have been notifying him daily o n the progress of the campaign and hence there is no way he was innocent. Students disagree in the 1960s The needs and problems experienced by students are unremarkably common in peer groups and communities. In campuses, the students of the similar peer group are brought together to learn and hence gain knowledge. The campus environment provides a good place for the development and formation of organized groups since the students are given relatively much freedom and have enough time.In campuses, students use to participate in social activities depending on their culture or race. Groups were therefore formed according to race or culture. Students of the same culture will usually experience similar problems and thus have similar ways of understand the problems. By organizing themselves in cultural groups the students were therefore able to mobilize a large number of masses for protest. During the years of 1960s there was racism, poverty and the war in Vietnam and this led to muc h student activism. take down though racism was not something new in America, the larn institutions perpetuated it thereby leading to protest by the black students since they could not tolerate it any longer. In colleges, the students are supposed to interact well with the learning environment for them to learn but with much racism they cannot interact well and this become a restraint to learning. For instance, in some cafeterias black students were not allowed to eat and in some colleges they were not allowed to vote (Churney, 1979).Furthermore, the war in Vietnam made students to form anti-war movements in order to stop the government from participating in the war. Because of the war many soldiers lost their lives and the newspapers were keen in reporting the number and even the names of the soldiers who had lost their lives. In addition, there was much poverty experienced by the community and the government was reluctant in answer the problem. Poverty was affecting the student s adversely thereby becoming a barrier to learning. With education, the students acquired knowledge and were therefore able to find protest as a way of solving their problems.Reference ListChurney L. (1979). Student protest in the1960s. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http//www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1979/2/79. 02. 03. x. html Kilpatrick C. (1973, November 18). Nixon Tells Editors, Im Not a Crook. Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http//www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/ depicted object/longterm/watergate/articles/111873-1. htm Lewis A. E. (1972, June 18). 5 Held in Plot to Bug Democrats Office Here. Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http//www. washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2002/05/31/AR2005111001227. html Meyer L. (1973, January 31). Last Two Guilty in Watergate Plot. Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http//www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2002/05/31/AR2005111001234. html Stern L. and Johnson H . (1973, May 1). 3 Top Nixon Aides, Kleindienst Out President Accepts Full Responsibility Richardson bequeath Conduct New Probe. Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved May 27, 2009 from http//www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2002/05/31/AR2005111001235. html

Uses of Force Policy Essay Example for Free

Uses of upshot Policy EssayAbstractnumerous authorized and program limitations control the map of posture by law en hurtlement, starting with the 4th Amendments pr matterion against arbitrary searches and seizures and decentralizing downhill to state decrees and departmental guidelines that manage how and under what circumstances constabulary ships ships officer may recitation force. In most guard agencies at present, the expend of force is tight regulated by guidelines, and more critical employments of force be evaluated and/or examined by broadcastorial staffs or inside affairs sections. Whenever the law enforcement agency or a defendant uses force, there is a likelihood of harm. Until lately, a small amount was known concerning the incidence, reasons, or associates of force- connect damages. Over the previous few epochs, there confirm been progressions in preparation and knowledge with the purpose of decreasing the regularity and seriousness of injuries to the law enforcement agency and the conjunction while sustaining the protected and real control over fighting accused.Along with use of force continuum the calcium Highway guard (CHP) has continuously had a well-made procedure concerning the use of force nevertheless(prenominal), the situations encompassing the Rodney pansy event triggered a reappraisal of this guidelines, for not merely the CHP, but also countless other law organizations all through the nation. Seventy-five percent of attackers who confrontation Highway Patrol officers depend on hands and feet. The CHP answer is practically always something other than a sidearm, at the beginning while use of a firearm is not prohibited if conditions command (California, 2013). Regrettably, the instructing simulants used by countless police force departments introduce emblematic shoot / dont shoot circumstances that discount the more mainstream conflicts when a revolver is not a choice. The competency to neutralize or influence a condition beforeit achieves crisis is a vital ability require for any police officer.The query for CHPs top administration was Can a preparation course be produced that exposes both an officers perception of procedure, and the ability to make the best selections in any category of circumstances where force may be mandatory? The Missouri Highway Patrol on the other hand has a progression of use of force. The oecumenic Order further states that when the use of force is authorized, officers should consider a imperfect range of options for which they have been manoeuvreed or equipped. incumbents be not restricted to these options, nor must they use them in a particular sequence. Available options include1. Professional presence of the officer or a Patrol canine2. Tactical communication including verbal dialogue, requests, teaching methods, and commands3. Tire deflation devices, to encourage the safe stopping of fleeing vehicles4. Physical force, which causes gnomish or no pai n, such as using empty hands5. OC aerosol6. Level I of the lateral vascular neck restraint and the shoulder pin restraint7. Physical force, which causes moderate or greater pain8. Chemical irritants such as tear gas, CN, and CS9. Immediate force, including physical strikes, Levels II, and triad of the lateral vascular neck restraint and the shoulder pin restraint10. Strikes using an approved baton, partake by a Patrol canine, SERT beanbag rounds, and similar force impact11. Deadly force.The General Order goes on to provide that the decision to use a firearm must be based on facts and the heart of circumstances known to the officer involved at the time (STATE CROWE v. MISSOURI STATE HIGHWAY PATROL, 2005). The similarities in these use of force policies is that both states stress the use of alternatives in their use of force continuum. Both policies accented the use of alternatives such as officer presence, verbal communication, nonlethal use of force, chemical munitions, and fina lly destructive force. Both states have remedial training each year on the updated version of use of force. The differences are substantial for example California Highway Patrol uses high-tech versions and video scenarios to train their officers in the properties of alternatives to the use of force. Each scenario gets a number of alternatives and outcomes to that specificscenario. On the other hand, Missouri have established General orders outline all stages and alternatives to the use of force. Even the nonlethal use of force can be really subjective over the years there has the meaning different devices used by law enforcement that were considered less than lethal. However, surveys have shown that even the ease less than lethal devices can prove to be very acerb in certain circumstances (Cole Gertz, 2013).While writing my use of force polity many considerations were taken into effect to generate the final product. Such as perception, public view, policy, and training. With r egard to Perception, there is continuously an instantaneous merit conclusion made concerning the suitability of the specific use of force. Good shooting versus bad shooting, for example. However, what of a state when an offender is shot in the back? Alternatively, no firearm is discovered on or nearby the offender? Every veteran officer recognizes these particulars unaccompanied are not developmental of the justifiability of the use of force, yet mass media, populace, and even several inside the organization leave pull in the importance of the evidences. However, the lodge is frequently ignorant of the authentic permissible criteria related to the use of force. They are similarly uninformed of the instruction afforded to police officer on the use of force frequently depend on the ex roles made by the mass media, which has an enormous impact on the Perception point.Furthermore, public anxiety pre-existing anytime use of force is confront may aggravate an at present anxious condit ion. Policy what is frequently imply to as whichever the organization liberator or the evil spirit it did not recognize is the authentic guidelines, principles, and preparation that are in position. In its development and application, effective policy will protect the organization from legal responsibility. Terrible policy or no policy in position will be an understandable obstruction for the organization. homework that is in position is merely an issue of whether the procedure is adhering. Simply retaining a policy in position is not sufficient it needs to be executed and obeyed.Preferably, the Policy and the Training should echo one another. Retaining a policy in position on the use of force and no training officials in the trance implementation of that policy can be the frontrunner to legal responsibility for an unauthorized policy by neglecting to train or to manage. These privileges may give development to a statement of premeditated apathyagainst superintendents and the city, which is similar to claiming an springy policy of unauthorized conduct. Use of force policy should have a ACHIEVE result, which is to say that the stratum supervisors must inform police officer of the policy, Teach police officer on the policy, and Train police officer on the policy. shabu use of force policyPrior to a police officer authorization to carry department fire heavy weapons, he/she will obtain trainings in the department guidelines, rules, and techniques regarding the use of force. law of nature officer obtaining this training must acceptably demonstrate a functioning understanding of the topic by way of realistic and written examination. The officer will use just those methods and abilities appropriate under the Glass police Department and the Municipal Police Training Committee. A yearly evaluation and examination use will be controlled and recognized by specialized firearms trainers concurring to the permitted training policy. An illustration of this use-of-for ce continuum is as followed* Officer PresenceNo force is used.* The simple attendance of a police officer works to warn corruption or verbose a circumstances.* Police officer approaches are professional and nonthreatening.* Verbalization Force is not physical.* Police officer delivery composed, nonthreatening instructions, for example, Let me see your ID and registration. * Police officer may spate their degree and abbreviate instructions in an effort to increase obedience. Concise instructions may break off Stop, or Dont move. * Empty-Hand ControlPolice officer use physical force to increase influence of circumstances. * sonant technique. Police officer use grips holds and joint locks to detain a person. * Hard technique. Police officer use blows and kicks to detain a person. * Less-Lethal MethodsPolice officer use less-lethal knowledge to increase command of circumstances. * Blunt impact. Police officer may use a stick or rubber bullet to restrain a belligerent respective(pre nominal). * Chemical. Police officer may use chemical aerosols or shells entrenched with chemicals to detain a person. * Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs). Police officer may use CEDs to restrain a person. CEDs release a high-voltage, low-amperage jerking of electricity at a gap. * Lethal ForcePolice officer use lethal arms to increase the command of circumstances. Should only be used if an accused postures a dangerous threat to the police officer or another person. * Police officer use acerb armaments such as weapons to choke up a persons activities. The investigation of Officer Edward Smith, the police officer enmeshed with the shot of a discharging of a weapon or other event causing a death or critical injury of an individual occasioning from the activities or participation of a representative of the Glass Police Department. The police officer shall take actions that are rationally conceivable and suitable to defend their safety, the security of others, and to realm proof vital to the examination of the situation (Police, 2011). Safeguard facts from damage, obliteration, or harm that is possible to transpire before reinforcement can arrive.Safeguard that evidential articles are not relocated, note unique situation and place of individuals, firearms, and other pertinent matters and verification. Sheltered the location, create a boundary with crime scene tape, and regulate admission to approved individuals essential to investigate the event and help the injured. Document the persons name, addresses, and phone number of all eyewitnesses and other individuals at the scene and ask that they take a breather on hand in order to make a short declaration whether or not they observed the occurrence. Until supervisory, arrive and establishes a command center. The supervisor after taking control at the scene executes the following. Confirm that the police officer family is informed on a precedence foundation and personally if the police officer is injured.Send for Crime Scene Technicians to the scene. support that the attiring of police officer and other injured individuals is collect for possible evidentiary resolutions and that connected gear of the police officer is protected. If the police officer is not injured, maneuver him/her away fromthe middle of action escorted by another police officer. Safeguard the police officer (s) firearms as evidence. This shall be accomplished in as inconspicuous method as achievable and away from the direct scene. Confirm that the direct area is controlled and restrain any suspects within. Illustrate the scene and take picture as soon as probable. Uncover and secure in place if possible the police officers weapon(s) and ammo casings. catch the firearms of all police officer at the scene, for release and secure the firearm when indication of release is present. sustain the accuseds firearm(s), ammunition and used cartridges (Police, 2011).Investigators responsibilities are to ensure that tasks itemized of this procedure have been properly and sufficiently accomplished. Obtain an general update and walk-through by the controlling police officer concerning the situations encompassing the shooting/use of deadly force. Confirm that the general scene and evidentiary objects are photographed and recorded. Record all individuals current at the scene. Certify thorough examination of the scene and appropriate gathering of all articles and materials of evidentiary worth. Acquire taped testimonials from the accused. date and detect eyewitnesses and perform preliminary tape-recorded questioning. Remove any firearm expended by the police officer(s) into divvy up and control it as evidence. Weapons shall be removed from police officer in a detached method. sterilize contact with the medical examiner and be present at any autopsy of police officer and/or accused. Conclude entry and departure wounds, approximations of the firearms location, the existence of regulated materials in the decedent s blood, or other linked evidence. Acquire search warrants as essential for examinations of cars, vessels, and residences. Complete an account specifying the conclusion of the investigation. The Chief of Police will organize the actions of replying superiors. The Chief of Police will decide the suitable time to publish the names of move participants to the media. The Chief of Police shall begin an Internal Affairs investigation to be started in episodes resultant in death or life-threatening injury of a police officer or resident, occasioning from or in the implementation of the police officer functions (Police, 2011).ReferencesSTATE CROWE v. MISSOURI STATE HIGHWAY PATROL, No.WD 64374. (Missouri Court of Appeals,Western District. fearful 02, 2005).California, S. o. (2013). California Highway Patrol. Retrieved from http//www.chp.ca.gov/programs/fots.htmlCole Gertz. (2013). The Criminal Justice System, Politics and Policies. Belmont, California Wadsworth Cengage learning.Police, I. S. (2011, AUGUST 25). OFFICER mired SHOOTINGS / LETHAL INCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS. Retrieved from http//www.icgov.org/site/CMSv2/File/police/generalOrders/genorder40.pdf

Venus (Research Paper) Essay Example for Free

genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Venus (Research Paper) EssayVenus is one of the most beautiful and tantalizing celestial body. It is much closer to Earth than any other planets. Venus is a brilliant object in the night sky and sometimes brighter than any other stars in the heavens. Only the Sun and the Moon outshines her. equal the re chief(prenominal)ing planets, Venus revolves around the Sun inside the solar orbit of the Earth. Thus, Venus can all be a morning or evening star.1 Her name, Venus, comes from the Roman goddess of love and beauty. Venus, as a planet, is rather frustrating.She hides herself in a thick white veil of clouds and no one clearly seen her surface.2 The astronomers are commit to engage in an extensive effort to uncover secrets of her for they know a little well-nigh it. The main purpose of my paper is to show some facts about Venus and also deepen the knowledge of the readers. Venus possesses some features that are nearly the akin as Earths . One of this is that Venus is closely the same size and weight as Earth. Just a little smaller in diameter and twinkle in weight. Its gravity also holds captive an atmosphere about the size of our own.3 Venus internal structure is similar to Earths as it is composed of crust, curtain and core. Thats why Venus is practically thought of as Earths twin.______________1Robert Leo I. Heller, Planets Inside the Orbit of Earth, Challenges to Science (Montreal McGraw-Hill Book Inc., 1979), p. 402.2Gerald S. Hawkins, Venus and Mars, Splendor in the Sky (Lon take in Harper and row Publishing House, 1961), p. 122.3Mark O. Palin, Venus, The Physical World (Miami Hunter-Dee Book Inc., 1999), p. 99 But in other ways, Venus appears to be quite different from Earth. First, Venus rotates in a very strange manner. Most of the planets rotate counterclockwise while Venus rotates clockwise or back endward. Then, Venus may have atmosphere but it wouldnt be able to keep life as you know like Earth. Its atmosphere is made up of much than 90% of vitamin C Dioxide and almost no Oxygen. Her temperature too is high which is 100 times greater than Earths and enough to melt Lead.4 foreign other planets, Venus surface is never seen though many scientists claimed to have a glimpse of it finished cloud openings which seems very unlikely because her dense clouds are hundreds of miles deep.5 Venus, though rotating around the Sun, never escorts twenty-four hours and night because of the thick, ash-like clouds covering it. It is dark for sunlight does not penetrate the clouds. What is the surface of the Venus like? some(a) astronomers said that Venus surface is covered by large mountain ranges and deep swamps. People who dont know much about Science think that Venus is covered with glowing waters. But, concord to Galileos old journal, Venus is im by chance covered by water because of its high temperature. The best adventure today is that Venus is chiefly a vast and sandy desert. Th e desert is flat, for wind-driven sand has long past worn down the hills and filled in the hollows. It is dry, for rain cannot fall on it and it is surely unable to support life.6______________4Heller, p. 403.5Roy A. Gallant, Exploring Venus, Mans Reach for the Stars (New York Doubleday and Company Inc., 1959), p. 146.6Patricia C. Lauber, Mercury and Venus, All about Planets (New York random House Inc., 1960), p. 56. Venus is mostly covered by volcanic plates because of her high temperature. The surface has been severely fractured and folded by stresses caused by convection of the Venusian mantle because of frequent volcanic eruptions. Radar images indicate that the high state of matters on Venus have rougher surfaces than Earths land forms because its images shows mini magma explosions inside.7 The light emitted by Venus which makes her shine in the dawn or evening possibly comes from the great bolts of lightning or from volcanic eruptions.8 Explorations on Venus cost many attempt s in gathering information to prove some existing parts of her.Soviet Union and USSR investigatings are one of the most earnest astronomers in studying the mysterious planet, Venus. Venera 1 or also called Venus 1 is the first study send by USSR in 1961. The Venera 1 is said to be a failed mission because the essay unless flew past on Venus. This event is said to be a dj vu for the second probe, Venera 2, send by the Soviet Union in 1965, experienced the same miscalculated direction as it flew past on Venus too. The third probe, Venera 3, still sent by Soviet Union in 1965, is also a failed one but it touches the Venus surface because the probe crashes on it. Scientists reported that they had maintained regular radiocommunication communication with the 3 failed probes but the signals were lost before it reaches Venus outermost atmosphere.9______________7Venus, Comptons cyclopedia (U.S.A. Comptons Learning Company, 1996), 19408.8Lauber, p. 54.9Robert W. Peterson, USSR and U.S. Send Probes to Venus, Space From Gemini to the Moon and Beyond (New York Facts on load Inc., 1972), p. 102.Venera 4, a probe sent by USSR in 1967, is the heaviest Venus probe known to have been launched by USSR. As the probe reaches Venus atmosphere, it was burned into ashes but luckily a parachute system operated by the USSRs satellite smoothly descended into Venus surface. This probe successfully sent information about Venus to the NASA regarding its atmospheric pressure at the surface of the planet might be as high as 22 times the Earths and later proved that its atmosphere was mostly composed of Carbon Dioxide. But, Venera 4 stopped sending unexpectedly it seems that fierce winds and intense heat destroyed the probe. Venera 1, 2, 3 and 4 are all unman probes.Alongside of launching the Veneras, Mariner 1, a 3D Venus probe launched by USSR in 1962, veered off-course and was destroyed after launching but Mariner 2, launched in the same year, flew successfully and provided a larg e amount of data to NASA. Mariner 5 of USSR, launched on 1967, flew within 2,480 miles of the surface of the Venus and collected some information about Venus environment and thus, contradicted Venera 4s collected information.11 Soviet unmanned probes, Venera 5 and Venera 6, reached the planet Venus. Though Venera 5 alone stopped in the midst of Venus atmosphere, Venera 6 is there to pursue on entering the planets atmosphere and it successfully did. Venera 6 sent data about Venus having land forms such as mountain ranges and volcanoes.12______________10Peterson, p. 103.11Peterson, p. 104.12Peterson, p. 211.The USSRs unmanned spacecraft Venera 7, launched in 1971, was the last probe sent to Venus. Venera 7 is the most successful probe because it sent countless of information about the planet. These are Venus temperature was above normal, Venus dont experience night and day, Venus rotate backward and many information that are helpful in erudition the planet Venus.13 Today, NASA is tr ying to reach Venus again by sending 2 manned probe flyby by using the Apollo program. Meaning, a man will be riding the probe but he is prohibited ongoing outside the probe if he is in the vicinity of Venus atmosphere as said in Apollo Program.14 In these given data, we can say that Venus is not just a mere planet revolving around the Sun, but a planet full of mysteries. It may not awaken our senses but it can poke our curiousity by asking question of whats and hows about her. In the science advancement today, more facts will be known about Venus. Powerful radiolocation and other instruments will probe its thick clouds, mapping the surface and timing the rotation. Satellites and rockets will relay back information on what the clouds are made of. Someday, valiant explorers may descend through clouds and start discovering. The more bits and pieces of data we can collect from the planets, the better chances for us of reading our own history.______________13Peterson, p. 258.14Jeffrey K . Wagner, Venus, Introduction to Solar dodging (U.S.A. Saunders College Publishing, 1991), p. 185.BIBILIOGRAPHYGallant, Roy A. Exploring Venus. Mans Reach for the Stars. New York Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1959.Hawkins, Gerald S. Venus and Mars. Splendor in the Sky. London Harper and Row Publishing House, 1961.Heller, Robert Leo I. Planets Inside the Orbit of Earth. Challenges to Science. Montreal McGraw-Hill Book Inc., 1979.Lauber, Patricia C. Mercury and Venus. All about Planets. New York Random House Inc., 1960.Palin, Mark O. Venus. The Physical World. Miami Hunter-Dee Book Inc., 1999.Peterson, Robert W. USSR and U.S. Send Probes to Venus. Space From Gemini to the Moon and Beyond. New York Facts on File Inc., 1972.Wagner, Jeffrey K. Venus. Introduction to Solar System. U.S.A. Saunders College Publishing House, 1991.Venus. Comptons Encyclopedia. U.S.A. Comptons Learning Company, 1996.

Citizens Advice Service Essay Example for Free

Citizens Advice Service EssayPrivate field means that the government does not control the proprietorship of a disdain instead, members of the public control it. unlike types of firms make up the private sector. These include sole traders, partnerships, limited companies and Public Limited Companies. Private-sectors firms atomic number 18 commonly aiming to make a profit. Sole Trader A sole trader firm is the sm entirelyest firm from the family line of private sector firms, consisting of only wiz possessor and that owner does business in their own name. That owner has the control of the firm, and with this control, they must(prenominal) finance, organise and develop the firm.A typical example of a sole trader is the local corner shop, selling the essential grocery items. Advantages One primary(prenominal) reinforcement is that these firms require humble capital. Another advantage is that in that location is an incentive to work gravely. This is because the firm is owned by one person, nitty-gritty that the owner must do most of the work themselves, including promote and finance the business. Therefore, if the owner wants their firm to succeed, they must work hard. If in that location is only one owner and possibly couple of staff in the firm, there leave alone be regular customers known.With this relationship, customers exit return repeatedly to the firm, therefore producing more sales. As there is only one owner, business decisions can be made quickly as there will not be other people interfering. Business decisions are vital for the firm to proceed, so the fast a decision can be made, the quicker the outcome. This advantages the owner as the outcome can improvement their bon ton. Disadvantages One disadvantage is it can be difficult to raise and find capital meaning that it is hard to start the business and to expand.Another disadvantage is that the sole trader has unlimited liability for all(prenominal) debts and the owner may ha ve to sell personal possessions to meets the debts of their business. Illness is a disadvantage to a sole trader. If the owner is sick, the business may be closed for a time and gold is not made to afford expenses that the owner has. Another disadvantage is the long hours may be necessary for the business to succeed. If the owner is not willing and determined to work long hours, the business will not succeed and this may mature debts.With sole traders, the success of the business relies on the skills of the owner. If the owner has no experience of discharge a business or business skills, this may cause the business to fail. Partnership A partnership firm is one with 2-20 owners and these owners share the responsibly of running the firm to weeher as the control is divided up as between the partners. An example of a business of the partnership type is a firm of doctors. Advantages As there are a number of people, more capital can be raised as all the partners contribute to the bu siness.Each partner has their own skills and between them, the partners have more skills, ideas and knowledge than a single(a) person does. Partners with different skills can specialise in their own areas and this increases the ranges of service that customers are offered. In a partnership, any problems Passive Voice (consider revising). Another advantage is regular customers will be known and these customers will return repeatedly to the firm, therefore producing more sales that advantage the firm. Disadvantages With partnerships, the partners have unlimited liability for all the debts.This could lead to the partners selling their personal possessions to help pay off the companys debts. A main disadvantage is when a partner makes a drop off, that mistake affects all the partners and the firm. This is a disadvantage because a mistake can affect the running and the flow of the firm. The profits of the business must be shared. This can be a disadvantage because the partners may thin k that a person in the partnership should not get the same amount of money because it seems that they have not put as much work into the firm.This and then creates conflict and affects the way the firm runs. Private Limited Company (Ltd) A private limited company has one or more owners, with the directors of the company elected by the shareholders. These directors control and have the responsibly of running the firm. An example of a private limited company could be a garage. Advantages There is limited liability as shareholders can lose only the amount they have endowed into the firm, no matter how much money that firm owes.Shareholders contribute capital and there is no fixed amount. This is an advantage because as more shareholders invest money, whatever the amount, the more chance the firm is going to success and grow with the money. Private limited companies are protected from takeovers. This is because shares cannot be exchanged to other people unless all the shareholders agr ee. In addition, the members of the public cannot bring the shares. This is an advantage as this gives the owners of the firm direct control of the business.

Ideas And Issues In The Visit And A Chronicle Of A Death Foretold Essay Example for Free

Ideas And Issues In The figure And A memorial Of A stopping point Foretold EssayM some(prenominal) works of contemporary literature discuss ideas and topics which ar seen in the world around us today. These themes are either directly demonstrated or implied. both works as such are The Visit by Friedrich Durrenmatt and A Chronicle of a expiry Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The issues raised in these ii books are justice, communication, custom, and chaste values. Tradition is the ongoing obligation to enthr one and only(a) to something, which is an act that has existed for many years.More often than non, tradition helps keep a community in one piece, much like laws do. In new(prenominal) cases, tradition obligates people and makes them do things they norm wholey wouldnt do. In A Chronicle of a Death Foretold, tradition is one of the forces that drives the Vicario check to kill capital of Chile Nasar and therefore cleanse their familys work. However, the Vicario brothers try to escape tradition. They had a debt which they greatly doubted and criticized. They know what the whole townspeopleship expects them to do.But on the other side, their everyday life and friendship with Santiago Nasar, their victim, fills them with haste to fulfill tradition and do their pre-said vocation. In The Visit, its tradition in the first place that brings the much anticipated lady Zachanassian to Guellen. So, in other words, tradition kills tubercular as well as Santiago Nasar. Intertwined with the complications of tradition are the moral values behind any clearly human act. The only reason tradition has always been so difficult to adhere to is because of the moral issues behind the acts that tradition is composed of.This is seen in both pieces. In A Chronicle of a Death Foretold, the Vicario brothers are in a state of great misfortune not only because of the shame inflicted upon the Vicario family name solely also because of the deed the have to carry out. However they also want their duty to be do. In an attempt to combine both, the twins unsuccessfully try to be caught whilst looking for Santiago Nasar. In other words, they seek someone to stop them by prescribeing the whole town of their intentions. ,in reality it seemed that the Vicario brothers had done nothing right with a view to cleanup Santiago Nasar immediately and without any public spectacle, but had done much more than could be imagined to have someone stop them from killing him, and they had failed (p. 56). In The Visit, the town tries to hold its moral values despite the ironic reward the people and state will arse around if they do not. Later on in the book, even though Guellen has completely lost its morality and plans on doing Maddamme Zachanassians bidding and killing mishap, the townspeople will not admit, whatsoever that they have lost their towns values.Moreover, they blame Ill for not having any morality and tell him that if he had any values he would use a gun on himself outright. Ill, however denies the Mayors suggestion. Mayor Pity. Youre missing a chance to redeem yourself and be a more or less decent human being. (p. 81) Tradition and the morality behind it are the two most(prenominal) ancient forms of justice. Today, justice is defined by laws and mainly is democratic and clear. But every somebody has their own form of justice for things, often acquiring either guilt or praise thenceforth or none of the two.Self-justice is reflexively self-justifying. In The Chronicle of a Death Foretold, the Vicario brothers want Justice. However, their morality, as discussed above, does not brook them to justify their familys shame by killing Santiago Nasar. For the sake of tradition they kill Santiago anyway. Pablo and Pedro Vicario tell everybody they come across that they will kill Santiago Nasar, hoping to get caught.. That way, they would have done their justice and duty as the brothers of Angela Vicario, the violated girl, by attempt ing to kill Santiago and not actually slaying him.They do not commit a crime the do not want to commit and which they consider immoral. Also, when Santiago appears to them, the Vicario twins do not face him head on. Instead they give him a chance of escape by remaining of the opposite side of the street and giving him a head-start through their body language. Clara Zachanassian in The Visit loses all of her moralities during her childhood as a prostitute and thus ends up defying the right and wrong of justice. Therefore, she goes forrad and offers money for an assassination. The townspeople of Guellen try to force back their moralities but fail to do so.As a result they take an alternative route to solving their problem. They masquerade the immorality of the crime of murder as justice. What follows is that they kill Ill with their bare hands. For justice and tradition to be enforced, a clear communication boundary must be drawn. Communication is what leads to the smooth flow of tr aditions and miscommunication to their collapse of justice. Morality has to do with a persons faculty to communicate to oneself what they truly consider right or wrong in this case it is contributed to justice and fishy traditions.Pedro and Pablo Vicarios failure to alert the whole town of Riochacha of their imminent crime is a result of poor communication. They misinterpreted the efficacy of the townspeople to pass on information and the rate in which the news would diffuse their way to Santiago Nasar or to the police. However they did not take one aspect of tradition into account But most of those who could have done something to prevent the crime and did not consoled themselves with the pretext that affairs of honor are saintly monopolies according to tradition, giving access only to those who are part of the drama. (p. 114). So, according to tradition, most people in town could not tell the authorities, nor anyone for that matter, about the Vicario twins and on top of that t hey could justify themselves by blaming it on the towns ethics. deal makes us invisible (Quote, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, 1928) The town of Guellen, on the other hand, had a level of communication between them farthermost better than any other. They could communicate through the sub-conscious. It is not exactly stated that the Guelleners had actually decided upon killing Ill, so this could be assumed.They were very well organized and swift in killing Ill, as they were fitting to put many new products they wanted, more than needed, on account. As is clear, tradition, morality and justice are all connectable aspects which are usually bound together by a means of communication. Situations become elaborate and complications arise. The Chronicle of a Death Foretold and The Visit are two great examples of a situation that results from the combinations of those four issues.

Hamlet - historical and political context Essay Example for Free

hamlet historical and political context renderThe political and unearthly upheavals before and after the death of Henry VIII had left their mark on the people of England. The King had done previous un-heard of things He had divorced two wives and had had two executed. In the draft reigns which followed, persecution, number 1 of the Catholics and then of Protestants, split family allegiances and brought very real danger of imprisonment, torture, even execution. Claimants for the thrown jockeyed for position. Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558 the first successor to her father, Henry Viii had been his young son Edward, ten age of age. As he was notwithstanding very much under age, he had to rule through Regents. They persisted with the Protestant reforms instituted by his father after his break with the Roman Catholic. Edward died six years after coming to the throne. He was succeeded by his half-sister Mary (Tudor), who died childless after five years as Queen. She had tried to reinstate Roman Catholicism as the state religion. Elizabeth, Marys half sister, although not considered a legitimate heir to the throne, became Queen in 1558 and ruled for 45 years.Although she had been brought up as a Protestant she understood that in view of the recent religious upheaval some com guarantees some compromises had to be made. The country needed stability and a unvoiced ruler. Her life had been in danger before she became Queen and there were the inevitable conspiracies to usurp her position. The tragic front man of one of these and the object of Elizabeths suspicion and jealousy for many years was Mary, Queen of Scots Elizabeth at first kept her under arrest but eventually had her executed in 1587.Late in her reign, in 1601, the Earl of Essex, formerly her favorite, made his bid for power. He failed in his attempt to cause a popular up rising, was imprisoned and executed. It is not difficult to trace this atmosphere of suspicion and treachery in Hamlet, nor the reassuring promise to royalty contained in the suggestion at the end of the play that strong and humane rule volition be reasserted. thither were also serious brats from abroad. In 1588 Phillip II of Spain sent the Armada, a large elapse of ships, sailing up the Channel in an attempt to conquer England by force.Another foreign threat was marriage. Elizabeth constantly resisted attempts by her counselors to contract any politically advantageous marriage and she died unmarried, naming James, her Scottish cousin, already established for many years as King in Scotland, as her successor. Social and Context Elizabeth I built on the foundations laid by her father and grandfather until her power, the power of the Crown, was almost unquestioned.To help strive the security which she and the country, needed it was important to encourage an articulate and educated aristocracy. Education and in break officular perfect scholarship assumed a fresh importance. In the grammar schools it is assumed that Shakespeare attended the Stratford Grammar school- Latin Language and belles-lettres were studied prose and verse, composition, rhetoric, orations and declamations. Much was learnt by heart and in the upper school Greek was added.Shakespeares knowledge of the unpolluted theatre, poetry and legend is evident throughout his whole body of work. How does this relate to Hamlet? The Players speech, which Hamlet has remembered, is part of the Dido and Aeneas story, the sack of Troy and the slaying of King Priam. Also, Hamlet and Horatio have been fellow-students at the University of Wittenberg. The others, to address the ghost, call upon Horatio.Hamlet clearly wanted to return to Wittenberg, to turn his back on the whole situation at the castle, and perchance to become a perpetual student and scholar until his father demands the revenge which he is unfitted to deliver. Exploration There was vitality a fresh interest in foreign countries in the sixteenth cent ury and geographic expedition by sea had led to an ontogeny in foreign trade. European foreign countries hardly seemed farthest away.Laertes lives very happily in Paris, away from his fathers influence. Hamlet is casually packed off by his uncle to a planned death in England. There was an extension of experience and an opening up to fresh influences, which include a new vocabulary of classical and foreign words. Printed books and pamphlets circulated more widely, so that information was more slowly obtained. The Elizabethan age was establishing a feeling of national community and confidence. At the same time an increase in prosperity and a raising standard of living for many.This prosperity was also reflected in the new built theatres and the audiences who flocked to entertainments of all kinds This is not to say that dissent and uneasiness did not exist. There will still disputes over religion and new ideas can be worrying as well as exciting. Persecution of religious minoriti es of the mainland caused a large influx of refugees from France and the Netherlands. It is also important to remember that some of the entertainments mentioned above were public executions. slaughterous pastimes such as bull- and bear- baiting were popular.The streets were filthy and away from the main thoroughfares, in the poorer parts of the city, they resembled open sewers and fight dumps. The plague, spread by black rats, struck in 1592 when it ravaged the city for two years, and again in 1603, wiping out whole families and forcing those Londoners who could afford to do so to flee to the country. Theatres and all public places of entertainment were shut down. This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our AS and A Level Hamlet section.

Meditations Essay Example for Free

Meditations EssayRene Descartes Meditations paved way to the enquiry of the epistemological personality of knowledge a paradigm shift from an ontological priority to an epistemological priority of philosophizing. In this regard, Descartes believed that the unplumbed source of knowledge is reason. As such, knowing material objects coffin nail only come upon an entity which is non immaterial to us that is the assessment. The certainty of our understanding then rests on the clarity and distinctness of ideas constituting formal earth and not upon the immediate perception of an object. With this, he attempted to prove the mankind of the Cogito, of god and dualism of the hear and the body, the methodic doubt as his primary grounding to prove the truthfulness of his claims. Let us now then analyze the obviously problematic suppositions Descartes posits. nonpareil is dualism of the mind and body. It is because it is hard to conceive how two different things interact with ea ch other. One indicator of such is when the mind chooses to do a specific action and the body seems to willingly do the action the mind chose.Another is when we perceive objects in the external world, our mind grasp and process the forming of these images base on our sense perception. Nevertheless, the primary question unmatched can posit on the whole school of thought of Descartes is the appropriateness of granting being to the conceptual entities in the mind. Existence, for Descartes, is proven through the recognition of the mind based on intuitions which manifest clarity and distinctness (or inner awareness where the mind and body are inseparable tho different from each other).By clarity, he claimed that it is the presence of an idea/object, and by distinctness, it is the relationship of clear ideas/objects and how its relationship distinguishes what belongs to an idea/object. Furthermore, he also claimed that substances are the building blocks of reality, categorized into t wo the mind and the body. As such, he further maintained that these substances mother primary attributes the mind which is thought and the body, the extension. Ideas, for Descartes, are the modes of thought that link the mind and the world because they have formal and clinical reality.By the former, he meant the kind of reality things have in this world and by the latter, the reality of objects represented by ideas. Hence, an idea can have formal reality because it is the mode of thought itself and it can also have an objective reality because it represents fewthing outside of itself. In his work, one can deduce that he is certain only in his existence. As such, making him a thought process substance. He asserted that he comes to know this fact through clear and distinct perception, and logically it would preserve that all his other clear and distinct perceptions are true in reference to formal and objective reality.In order to confirm the truthfulness of these clear and distin ct perceptions, he proved the existence of a benign God which relies on the Mediators cognition of clear and distinct ideas. Even if we still the possibility of granting existence to fictitious entities for we may have clear and distinct perception of them, the possibility of granting existence to other conceptual entities in our mind is still questionable. First, I believe that we can only have clear and distinct perception of the conceptual entities through our senses that is they exist in the physical realm.By that, I mean that we can have conception and understanding (on the context on how can we know them) principally because they have manifestations in the physical world as also with regards to certain logical principles. For example, my understanding or even my idea of a tree originates from my perception of that tree in reality. Second, even if I can have clear and distinct perception of a God, it does not mean that a god/God indeed exist which cause my idea of God as wha t Descartes claimed.Arguably, there may be some other entity or there may be the possibility this world is just made up of matter and energy. Hence, there is no higher being which exists. It can be deduced then the appropriateness of granting existence to conceptual entities in the mind only comes if we could know their truth in the physical realm. As such, Descartes claimed of the mind being non-erroneous in granting existence to things/objects in this world is held in question.

Solid Waste and Recycling Essay Example for Free

Solid Waste and Recycling EssayOver the grades, the demand for effective consentient waste management and recycling has drastically risen. This has mainly been due to the fast changing methods of consumerism and drastically increase populations of towns with time. Lack of long term focus has greatly contributed to the menace as the urban systems are passing dynamic and require visionary establishment that project into the future. The problem has similarly been exacerbated by poor engine room adoption that is necessity for ensuring self-colored waste is effectively treated. Besides, modern plan systems require greater management for recycling necessary for ensuring least pollution of environment while maximizing the utility of available materials. failing to plan has been considered as major step in planning to fail in offering the necessary management of wastes in the major cities (Wilson et al, 2004). Most often, the term solid waste is used to denote municipal solid w astes which embarrass all the wastes that are in non-liquid form generated within an urban setting.They roughlyly include domestic wastes from the residential areas, business and commercial centers, industrial centers and construction regions within the town jurisdictions. Recycling on the opposite hand involves focus on the already produced wastes to increase their utility (Eugenie, 2008). It is aimed at bringing contrastive materials back in a useful format though mostly varied from the previous one. urban planning and management interlinks the two concepts as they are directly dependent on each(prenominal) other for effective treatment and management.This paper evaluates solid wastes and recycling as major musings in urban planning. As a result, it extrapolates solid wastes management aspects necessary for consideration during urban planning. Acting as a geomorphologic system, the paper examines the waste stream from return up to disposal with appropriate planning aspects at each stage. Using examples of major cities and towns, effectiveness of solid waste planning and management systems are compared for efficiency. Besides, the paper also explores the possible planning and recycling techniques for solid wastes in the urban areas.In the conclusion, the paper gives recommendations that can be assumed by various urban planners and managers to effectively manage and recycle their wastes. Overview and statistics In US, over 500, 000, 000 slews of solid wastes are generated annually by urban centers. However, only 35% of this waste is recycled while the tranquility is inclined off. These indicate a strong increase in the recycling capacity of 8% since the year 1990. However, the quantity indicated is much lower as Environmental Protection Agency does not take into consideration of the incinerated solid wastes and that in the illegal landfills.Besides, this waste usually excludes health wastes which are categorized as gaga wastes. Waste production has been increasing steadily since the onset of industrial revolution. About 0. 979 tons of wastes are disposed annually per person by the US population (Eugenie, 2008). However, the mode of handling the wastes differs greatly as states and towns concord varying leadership and management as well as budgetary allocations. To add to that, the attitudes of the people in the major towns determine the suitability of the recycling processes thereby effectively contributing to the sorting out of the solid wastes for recycling process. studyity of the US cities and states lay down been exporting their wastes to other regions for treatment and disposal. On average, Pennsylvania exports 9,764,000 tons, Virginia 3, 891, 000 tons, Illinois 1, 548, 000, and natural York 5, 600, 000 tons. Though this trend has been greatly criticized, it is considered as a better option since majority of the states and towns lack the good facilities to treat and dispose off their wastes safely (Eugenie, 2008). S olid waste collection and impartingArguably, town planning has diversified from the previous architectural focus to include new aspects of waste management that have start out part of the same entity. Production capacity of an urban center is highly dependent on different factors that must be considered when drawing the management plan. Cognizant of the expansion capacity, the town must be fully equipped to collect various wastes produced in its jurisdictions. As the first step ample means of classifying the production regions and categorization of the same waste must be set in place.This role is usually interpreted by the Solid waste management departments of the urban managements. Collection of solid wastes acts as one of the most important initial stages as it prevents spread of the same wastes in the areas of production. To effectively manage collection of wastes, tone ending Angeles, San Francisco and London have established cooperative mechanisms where they link with the p rivate area for the collection purposes. However, the private sector operates in a business model that may at times harm the residents of the different cities through increased taxes.Of greater importance, is the transport system for the put in wastes in different regions which has been accused of spreading the wastes collected along the transportation routes. Urban planning for solid wastes should always apply the principle of proximity resource which requires that wastes are treated and/ or disposed at the nearest possible catamenia to reduce transferring cogitate problems to other regions. Transportation for solid wastes should always be carried out in fully enclosed systems as different materials are light and can easily be dispersed away.Since this forms a major point of interaction between the residents and the waste collecting institutions, it is of great importance to ensure that inclusive coordination and cooperation is enhanced for effectiveness. Major towns fail due to lack of effective collection and transportation mechanisms. Of greater concerns have been the plastic bags which have turned the whole solid waste management into a riddle for many towns. Their collection and transportation should therefore be immediate and highly effective. Solid waste treatment