Dental Caries and Streptococcus Mutans

Dental Caries and streptococcus MutansCasey Best foot race Head DENTAL CARIES 1Streptococcus mutansIntroductory/setting 2Streptococcus mutans is a facultative anaerobic, gram-positive, non-motile bacterium belonging to the streptococcaceae family. S. mutans contains a thick cell wall composed of peptidogly ignore which contains sugars and amino acids. There atomic number 18 many contrasting conditions in the mouth, only carbohyd directs argon motivators for this bacterium that craps lactic acids, thereby lowering the pH in the mouth and crrusting an acidic environment. collectable to the ability of S. mutans to survive in a low pH environment and up to 104 degrees Fahrenheit, eroding of tooth structure, known as tooth decay, prat commence. Fuel for metabolic cognitive operation lacks because of the absence of oxygen therefore, it is roughlyly found in the deep crevices of dentition or in the pit and fissures, in addition known as the prickly stand ups.S. mutans was o utgrowth described by James Kilian Clarke (1886-1950) after he disjunct it from a carious lesion, but it was non until the 1960s that real concern in the microbe was generated when researchers began studying alveolar consonant caries (Ak receiven, 2014). S. mutans was re-identified in transmission of animal rodents. All of Kochs postulates were tested in animal models, but it was baffling to establish that it was as well a human dental pathogen until samples were taken from a decomposed tooth site showing a phenomenal connection between S. mutans and decay. Historically, cavities were diagnostic to the general overgrowth of oral bacterium, termed the non-specific boldness hypothesis, meaning only accepted bacteria argon responsible for ca utilise tooth decay. In 1960, however, Paul H. Keyes from the content Institute of Dental Research compargond the bacteria makeup of caries quick and caries in-active in hamsters and found a much higher section of a group of bacteria termed Streptococcus mutans.This pathogen occurred during a time occlusion in which throng depended on foods that were enriched in carbohydrates, and this most likely contributed to the send-off appearance of dental caries. Tooth decay did not induce an important health problem until sucrose became a study ingredient in the foods we eat today. In fact, studies show that as much as whiz-half of a pound of sucrose consumed daily at meals for two years was not associated with an increase in dental decay however, when the same or lesser amounts of sucrose were ingested between meals, subjects developed new decay at the rate of about three to four tooth surfaces per year (Loesche, 1996). Although the need for certain bacteria to turn milk into yogurt and cheese was not known by early farmers, today we know that some species of bacteria keep our mouths powerful however, S. mutans is not bingle of them. It is, in fact, one of the worst offenders against healthy teeth. The bacteri a in the pots of yogurt werent the only thing developing so were the microbes in our mouth.Twisted berry is the term that may be use when referring to Streptococcus, because of the parity to a string of beads when looking through a microscope. Streptococcus mutans is a specialized microorganism equipped with receptors that allow it to adhere to the surface of the tooth creating a slimy environment. After adherence to the tooth, S. mutans find to divide and produce micro-colonies within the slime layer to construct a biofilm (Microbe Wiki, 2016). When a biofilm is formed, S. mutans begin to make dextran, which is made up of many glucose molecules that allow it to bind to the tooth decorate and enable S. mutans to attach sucrose and glu burn down-sucrose together. As a settlement, these products produce fructose, which allows button for bacteria. Biofilms produce extracellular polymeric substances, which are mostly made up of polysaccharides and proteins that colonize a surfac e.Clinical Signifi batchce Bacteria are a large part of the human mouths ecosystem. The 6 billion bacteria that one mouth can hold are constantly in the process of multiplying, finding places to live, or dying. S. mutans is a heterotrophic organism, which means that it lives by acquire its energy through consuming organic matter from other organisms, reinforcement or deceased, and making the human mouth the host. There are dear places in your mouth and unsafe places, and the unsafe places consist of pathogenic bacteria that can cause tooth decay, chewing mumble inflammation, and tooth loss. The mouth contains trustworthy bacteria and icky bacteria, which is known as Streptococcus mutans, and as much as 90% of the world is affected by this infamous microbe.Since its discovery by Clarke, S. mutans has become one of the most well-known organisms. As the world continues to consume much refined sugars, we fuel the production of acids for colony growth, which leads to the formatio n of dental plaque. If plaque develops on teeth, it can turn into tarter, and tarter is much much difficult to ask from the teeth than plaque. Plaque is a soft, sticky substance that contains bacteria, but it can easily be brushed off before it turns into tarter, which is a badly non-sticky substance. Tartar has to be removed by a dental hygienist or dentist, and because it is rough, it makes it easier for bacteria to attach to the teeth.The enamel is the securely outer layer of the tooth, and this hard layer protects the tooth against decay. Dental cavities are holes in the first two layers of the tooth, which are the enamel and the dentin, and once this affection has developed, it requires treatment almost immediately. A perdition will only grow larger and eat away at the tooth if left untreated, which can cause excruciating injure and may also cause bad breath. Dental caries has become one of the most widespread diseases in humans today and has negatively affected a multit ude of people worldwide.Billions of dollars are spent each year on treating dental caries. The longer one waits to get a cavity submited, the more expensive and painful it will become. Not only will the teeth become innately painful, the jaw will most likely be affected as well. Plaque buildup can also lead to glue disease called gingivitis, which causes tender and swollen glues that sometimes bleed. Gingivitis is a milder form of gum disease that can be treated with proper brushwood and flossing however, if it progresses untreated, unappeasable periodontal disease can develop. Gum tissue will begin to pull away from the teeth and bacteria will start to exterminate the underlying bone supporting the teeth, and this will most likely result in the loss of one or several teeth.S. mutans can also cause dangerous, life threatening infections. Tooth decay can spread in the mouth and completely destroy the teeth if not properly treated, and in the most extreme cases, can even lead t o death. Cardiovascular problems, which are major contributors to early death in American men and women, can also develop as a result of this type of solid infection. Once this bacterium migrates into the bloodstream and arteries, it causes blood clots and restricts oxygen and blood flow. Although it has not yet been proven that gum disease causes cardiovascular issues, evidence exists that points to gum disease as a possible culprit. Healthy gums should be house and a light pink color, but if gums are red or swollen, or if they bleed after flossing, it is time for a checkup with the dentist. This pathogen can travel from one person to the next via horizontal and vertical transmission. roughly people are genetically more prone to periodontal and gum disease than others. So if it runs in your family, you should be especially vigilant (Griffin, 2005).A person that has dental caries may not even be aware that he or she has the disease because it cannot necessarily be seen with the unclothed eye and may not always be painful. The earliest narrow of a cavity forming is a chalky white spot on the surface of the tooth that does not cause pain. If demineralization continues, the white spot may turn brown, which most likely represents a cavity. Once the nerves of the tooth are exposed, the tooth will become very sensitive to heat, cold, and sugary foods, and unbearable pain will ensue. Once the cavity has formed, the tooth structure cant regrow. Additionally, because of the pain, the ability to eat, peace and function well is limited, and quality of life suffers.Preventative/Treatmentprosthetic devices are also a favorable environment for Streptococci, but the American Heart Association has boil downd its recommendations on pre-medicating before a dental single-valued function, including those who only have pacemakers, prosthetic midriff valves, a history of endocarditis, heart transplants or certain heart defects to pre-medicate, since they are at greater h appen for infection (American Heart Association, 2016).When a tooth is weakened by internal decay, the tooth could severance while chewing foods. If that happens, most of the time the tooth can be saved, but in some cases, an extraction of the tooth will be done if it is not salvageable. Although S. mutans does not have a vaccine, there are other preventable measures you can take to stop this bacterium before it causes damage.S. mutans is a inseparable bacterium in our body, so everyone has it, although not everyone is at the same risk. encyclopaedism how to control it will jockstrap prevent these bacteria from taking over. thicket the teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste will help reduce the decay rate, especially after eating foods and drinks that are high in sugars. Additionally, fluoride is a mineral that helps prevent cavities from forming. It replaces mineral loss in the enamel and reduces the ability of the bacteria to make an acid. Many dentists also recommend usi ng a mouth rinse with fluoride for those at higher risks of developing this disease. When brushing the teeth, only the front and back surfaces of the teeth can be reached, so flossing is extremely important and highly recommended to reduce accumulations of bacteria that thrive in the crevices between the teeth that a toothbrush cannot reach. Flossing will also help reduce the possibility of developing gum disease in the first place.More than 50 years ago, examinations of people entering the military showed that Americans teeth were in pretty bad shape. At that time, few people took good care of their teeth, and there were no guidelines for how often one should see a dentist. Many dentists focused on fixing problems rather than preventing them (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2014). Even if one is taking good care of ones teeth at home, it is still recommended to on a regular basis see a dentist twice a year. Some people may even need to be seen more often depending on their oral hygiene, habits and medical conditions. The dentist is able to check for problems that may not be painful or in sight moreover, x-rays are used to help the dentist diagnose problems before they become a major concern as they allow the dentist to see inside the tooth and contact tissue.Dental sealants are an invisible plastic coating that bonds to the tops of the teeth, modify in the pits and fissures and making them a powerful weapon against decay. They are typically applied to childrens teeth because this gives them more protection throughout their cavity-prone years however, adults who do not have decay present would also benefit from sealants on their back molars, which are difficult to reach in the mouth with a toothbrush. To fix a cavity caused by S. mutans, the most common procedure a dentist will use is to remove the decay and fill that area withcomposite or amalgam filling. The difference between the two fillings is that amalgam is cheaper and also more durable however, it is made with zinc, copper, mercury and tin, and it can easily cause discoloration of the tooth as well as cracks and fractures. compound is a made with plastic and fine glass p denominations, and it comes in different shades to easily match ones tooth. Additionally, since it is chemically bonded to the tooth, it provides better support however, it cannot retain the chewing forces as long as amalgam can. In extreme cases, a root canal and crown may be dictated after the decay is removed by simply removing the roots of the tooth and placing a cap over the coronal portion of the tooth, but if the decay exceeds a certain level, the dentist may have to remove the entire tooth. struggle Streptococcus mutans is a constant battle, and the most important weapon we have in the fight against its progress is knowledge. By practicing healthy habits and eating a balanced diet, along with taking proper care of our teeth and see the dentist regularly, we can all win the battle against gum disease and keep our teeth for a lifetime.References Akhaven, K. (2014, October 19). Streptococcus mutans. Retrieved from MicrobeWiki https//microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Streptococcus_mutans.American Heart Association. (2016, October 10). morbific Endocarditis. Retrieved from American Heart Association http//www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/CongenitalHeartDefects/TheImpactofCongenitalHeartDefects/Infective-Endocarditis_UCM_307108_Article.jsp.WNPItU11qUkColgate-Palmolive Company. (2014, May 7). How Often Should You Go to the dental practitioner? Retrieved from Colgate Oral Care Center http//www.colgate.com/en/us/oc/oral-health/basics/dental-visits/article/how-often-should-you-go-to-the-dentistGriffin, M. R. (2005, April 6). Your Guide to Gum Disease Symptoms and Heart Disease. Retrieved from WedMD http//www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/your-guide-gum-disease2Loesche, W. J. (1996). Microbioligy of Dental decompose and Periodontal Disease. Retrieved from https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/book s/NBK8259/Microbe Wiki. (2016, February 11). Streptococcus mutans- Tooth Decay. Retrieved from MicrobeWiki Website https//microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Streptococcus_mutans-_Tooth_DecayStreptococcus mutans. (2014, October 19). Retrieved from MicrobeWiki https//microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Streptoccus_mutans