Abacus Distribution plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Abacus Distribution plc - Essay ExampleThe Group has adopted a customer service constitution with more personalised local service and a strong technical support. This ensures the companys performance in providing quality products and support from a strongly prompt workforce. The company has an office in Asia with manufacturing operations extended in the Far East to supply European customers, quality products at competitive prices.In general, the fair game of a company must be to create value for its shareholders. Value is represented by the market price of the companys common stock, which in turn is a function of the firms dowerment, financing, and dividend decisions. The basic idea of managing finance in any business venture therefore is to acquire assets and invest in new products and services where expected return exceeds their cost, to finance with those instruments where there is particular advantage, tax or otherwise and to undertake a meaningful dividend policy for stockh olders. (Ross et al.) These functions define the scope and role of financial management in any organisation. The financial management function thus concerns the acquisition, financing, and management of assets with the overall organisational goals in mind. In line with the above principles of financial management the company has taken the following actions in the financial discipline.During the year 2004 the company embarked on a major dandy expenditure in upgrading the business system of the company scheduled to be completed in the year 2007. The company has adopted a policy of acquiring large properties on a freehold basis. In line with this policy the company has invested in the acquisition of subsidiaries to the extent of 2.1 million, a net investment of 1.1 million in plant, machinery, and equipments, and a small investment of 0.1 million in land and building. There is an investment of 50 million representing the acquisition of Deltron Electronics Group UK having subsidiaries in

Management and Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Management and Organisational Behaviour - Essay ExampleManagement is essentially an act of fulfilment of objectives by means of people, and efficient management implies getting the maximum output from the people. Therefore, a good manager must encourage teamwork and enhance team spirit by meeting the needs of both the individual and the team. This paper focuses on various theories of management and demonstrates their application with the help of a shell study. Roles of a Manager case of Oliver A business organization is a complex body that requires efficient and skilful management for proper running. A manager has multiple functions and responsibilities. Based on this theory, Henry Mintzberg identified ten essential managerial roles that are required for the fulfillment of the companys objectives. The ten managerial roles are 1) Figurehead, 2) Leader, 3) Liaison, 4) Monitor, 5) propagator, 6) Spokesperson, 7) Entrepreneur, 8) Disturbance-handler, 9) Resource-allocator, and 10) N egotiator (Watson & Gallagher, 2005, p.34). He has further categorized them in three groups as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Interpersonal Roles Informational Roles Decisional Roles Figurehead Monitor Entrepreneur Leader Disseminator Disturbance-handler Liaison Spokesperson Resource-allocator Negotiator (Lussier & Achua, 2009, p.10) The interpersonal roles define the authoritativeness of the manager and involve maintenance of a positive relationship with the employees. In figurehead role, the manager performs typic or ceremonial duties that can be of either social or legal nature. For instance, he needs to do social functions like attending to candidates for jobs, presenting awards, socialise clients, receiving official visitors, and attending farewell dinners. As legal function he has the authority to sign official papers like cheques, vouchers and contracts. In leader role, a manager supervises and evaluates the performances of employees, hires new employees and provides them traini ng. In liaison role, he maintains contact with people outside the organization to form a network of services. The second group which is informational roles involves a major part of managerial functions which is to gather and convey information from the employees. In monitor role, the manager needs to gather information regarding problems and solutions of the organization. This can be through with(p) by reading journals, magazines, newspapers or by attending meetings inside or outside the organization or by observing and comparing the business activities of the competitors. In disseminator role, the manager receives information from internal sources like higher level of management or from external sources. He in turn transmits the information to the employees through group meetings or emails. In spokesperson role, the manager provides information about the organization to outside people like consumer groups, press, TV and government officials and any another(prenominal) communities who have vested interest in the organization. The third group which is decisional roles involves assessment of various possibilities before making strategies for the benefit of the organization. Such decisions may affect few employees or can affect the entire organization. In entrepreneur role, a manager develops ideas for new projects, makes decisions to abandon any project, develops innovative ideas and new products. In disturbance-handler role, a manager finds means to resolve external or internal

Strategic Analysis of E-Sonic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Analysis of E-Sonic - Essay ExampleIts success critierion was to be determined from the amount of market share It could ask out from its competitor. At the moment, there are two key players who dominate the online euphony industry. They firms command atleast 85% of the over all market share in downloads. E-Sonic had to stone pit these customers while fetching for mod customers to the world of online practice of medicine. While the idea of targeting a million customers and attracting them to digital music, seems like a far fetched one, the formula for its success is non that complex. All it needs is some simple marketing, sound selection of artists and a nice user friendly web interface that will assist it in establishing its position as the market leader. The paper will conduct a strategy analysis of E-sonic. External Market Analysis Industry Profile The online music industry is a very competitive one. In the last couple of years it has churned up a huge array of comp etitors. Some of these include the likes of iTunes, Napster and AmazonMP3. Their boilers suit revenues in the market exceed 4.2 billion dollars as of 2009. At the moment, the online digital music industry comprises of 400 legal music services that have been engage in delivery some 260 types of products belonging to different genres such as music, ringtones, audiotracks and video. The competition in the industry is intense and a threat of potential new entrants looms. Their entry is supported by the looming trends in the market. This includes higher consumer purchases of online music, bigger and faster access to the net profit round the globe and the increased ability to download and attend to music on-the-go with developments in the wandering industry and mobile connection. The online music market has shown improvement and suppuration compared to last year. According to statistics published by the Billboard numbers, somewhat 1 billion tracks were sold in the United States in 2010. This was only a 0.3% increase from 2009. Similarly, sales of online albums has also peaked, increasing to 13%. This is particularly square(a) of the North American region of the industry. E-Sonic. Opportunities E-sonic has the opportunity to further develop music player into a more mobile phone friendly format. Something on the lines of Rokr mobile phone device by Motorola should greatly benefit the company. E-sonic can also capitalize on revenues that can be generated from podcasts and radio shows. They can be downloaded from the internet and then played back on iPod. Threats Competition in this industry is very intense. E-sonic has to work very hard on its marketing and R & D to stay on the top of the rung. Competitor Analysis ITunes is the market leader in this industry despite stiff competition from various online music vendors such as Amazon. It has managed to increase its market share manifold. The music service now churns out around 66.3% of the online music market acc ording to a research. Amazon runs reciprocal ohm in the competitor list having a share of 13.3 % as of third quarter of 2010. The competition between Amazon and Apple is intense. In 2010 Apple was seen pressurizing artists in its bid to obstruct Amazons music promotions. They warned them of loosing all support from iTunes if they were seen supporting Amazon music. However, it cant be said that Apples growth has come at the cost of Amazon. Amazons online music share steadily increased to 11% in the first quarter of 2010. Both music stores are marching

Theme of indolence explored in ode on indolence Essay Example for Free

Theme of laziness explored in ode on acedia EssayOde on indolence is the praise of indolence/sluggishness it makes the claim of the attractions of lethargy existence more alluring than the attractions of the more active emotions of love, ambition and poetry. It is the admiration of the state of non-doing and non-feeling. The ode is a simple, straight in advance story of a man who spends a lazy summer day in a state of dead(p)ness and does not want his visions of love, ambition and numbers to disrupt his indolence. These three figures argon strikingly creaseed to the condition of indolence. The poetic persona could be Keats himself.The ode begins with the poetic persona seeing three figures one summer aurora passing him by in a dream/vision, as if on a marble urn they returned with each turn of the vase. Their description resembles that of pilgrims with bowed necks, and joined detainment wearing placid sandals and white robes, they were seen in profile. The figures are ca lled shades and strange, the narrator is confused and cannot identify them. The narrators confusion is shown in the next stanza with the repetition of the doubtfulnesss regarding the identity and the reputation of the figures.The word ripe is used to describe his time of idleness this has commanding innuendo and gives the impression of richness. The figures were robbing him of his summer-indolence, they are described as constructing a deep-disguised plot and are said to steal. These terms are negative and show these figures to be menacing or malevolent at least to a slight degree. In contrast indolence is compared to a blissful cloud that favourably makes pain numb and takes its sting away metaphor, however it also takes the joy away from pleasure or pleasures wreath no flower metaphor.The narrator begs the shadows to leave him to his much longed-for nothingness. The term used- shadows insinuates the visions are dark and ominous. The third verse is commenced with yet an new(preno minal) question addressing the reason for the figures appearance. His confusion is echoed in the word baffled. His soul is compared to a beautiful lawn strewn with flowers, stirring shades and baffled beams the sky was clouded but there was no rain, only dew drops called the sweet tears of May.This pristine image of the narrators soul is brought on by the state of inactivity, thus we are made to believe that this state of being is desirable or covetable. He wants to bid farewell to the three shadows. The fourth verse shows the third turn of the urn and brings forth the realisation of the there figures- the fair maidservant love, ambition pale of cheek with fatigued eye and the maiden about unmeek poesy. Their description has negative connotations only love is shown in a slightly positive light.In this verse the narrator feels intense urge to follow the three and longed for wings to fly in pursuit of them. Poesy is said to be the most appealing of the three and is called a demon th is could be justified by saying that it is because the narrator finds poesy most difficult to resist and it holds an almost go like hold on him. Keats has expressed his wish to fly on the wings of poesy before in another poem. In the fifth stanza a question is posed to love to establish its elusive nature.Love is also criticised as being fleeting and short-lived and not to mention folly. Ambition on the other hand is condemned as being a mortal emotion that springs from the human heart. From other poems- ode to a nightingale or ode on a classical urn- we know that Keats has trouble with mortality and impermanence. And as for poesy, it has not a joy compared to honied indolence- the narrator would rather be devoid of common-sense and spend his drowsy noons numb and listless completely ignorant to the world around him I may never know how change the moons.The concluding stanza says adieu to the three and marks their defeat in rousing the narrator from his laziness. He commands the p hantoms to vanish and never more return. He banishes them back to the dreamy urn and reduces them to faint visions. But taking into account that the state of indolence as compared to the three visions is hardly mentioned, it is not very convincing that the poetic persona prefers indolence over his other temptations especially after reading some of his other poems. It does however come across that he is trying to deny his passions even to himself.

The rate of reaction Essay Example for Free

The ordinate of answer EssayThe graph is beneath The reason why I felt that the rate of reaction is proportional to the acid preoccupancy is that from my understanding I feel the higher the acid concentration the faster the rate of reaction, which I conduct backed up with scientific evidence previously. Towards the land up at that limit is a slight bend, the reason why I have incorporated this is that I feel that it would begin to gradually level off to 0. 01 seconds as I feel it would be incorrect to suggest that with a acid concentration of fifty millilitres it will take 0. 01 seconds to react with the acid when at forty millilitres it takes 250 seconds.Now that I have a solid understanding of what I am going to do in the investigation and have a instead strong prediction with accompanying evidence I am presently ready to begin. The results I have retrieved are below Acid/Water (ml) fourth dimension 1 Now that I have retrieved the results successfully I am now going to display the results graphically in a graph to interpret, suss out any patterns and anomalies etc. The graph is displayed below Now that I have completed the practical aspect of the investigation I can now safely say that overall it has been successful and everything has gone according to plan.As you can see from my graph it is apparent that the results partially agree with my prediction as there is a positive correlation between the time and acid concentration and they increase at a relatively proportional rate. From this graph I have discovered that there is a relatively high possibility there is a few anomalies, or the test was not done correctly. This could be due(p) to a multitude of reasons, from starting the stopwatch slightly later to not having the magnesium exactly 1cm.So to combat this problem I have drawn a line of best fit onto the graph which is an additional line that goes through the middle of all the results to give me an average. From my line of best fit it is now apparent that the more acid, the quicker the reaction time which means in scientific terms, the higher the acid concentration, the faster the reaction rate which is exactly what I predicted in my prediction. Towards the end of the normal-line there is a curve, this again could be due to the line levelling of to 0. 01 seconds as I suggested earlier.I felt that the experiment was quite perfect, scarce due to the nature of the investigation it is clear that it is almost impossible to get completely perfect results, for example when I attempt to time the reaction rate it is extremely probable that I will not begin the stopwatch at exactly the same time as the magnesium impacts with the acid and water. out-of-pocket to the problems that could arise, I have insured that I have done numerous tests so that I can get an average, which is susceptible to be more accurate then the results from a few tests.To make the experiment more accurate I feel the only solution would be to dramati cally increase the play of tests I undertake and get averages from them. I felt that it is possible, looking at the shape of the line that there may be one or 2 anomalies in the data, but they are not dramatically different in comparison with other results, therefore I feel it is solely due to valet error and slight inaccuracies. I think that the methodology I used was suitable for the experiment as everything went well enough for me to retrieve quite accurate and reliable results, while also making sure the test is as fair as possible.I feel that the data was originally not wholly accurate and reliable as there are no repeated results, which is what you would expect to find in accurate data, but to solve this problem as best as possible I have used the averages in the graphs. To extend the original problem I am going to do another(prenominal) test where I will replace the magnesium with another element, which is going to be the highly reactive potassium (K) and see how that mak es a difference to the reaction rate.After completing this, if the shape of the line followed a similar pattern to the previous tests then this would dramatically support my evidence and prediction. The chemical equation is below 2K + 2HCl - 2KCl + H2 The results I have retrieved from the tests are below Acid/Water (ml) Time 1 (S)To make the data easier to analyse and interpret, I am going to place the data into a graph which is located belowFrom the graph it is evident that there is a positive correlation and that the rate of reaction increases at a relatively proportional rate to the acid concentration which is exactly what occurred in the previous experiment. The only major difference is that the overall reaction time is importantly quicker, which is almost certainly due to the fact that potassium is higher then magnesium in the reactivity series.This helps me significantly prove the below statement. From this investigation I have found out that the higher the acid concentration the quicker the reaction rate as there is more acid particles to collide with the magnesium, which I have thoroughly backed up in numerous ways. This document was downloaded from Coursework. Info The UKs Coursework Database 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text edition This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Major Schools of Thought in Psychology Essay Example for Free

Major Schools of Thought in Psychology EssayWhen psychology was world-class established as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the military man beings mind and behavior began. The first discipline of cerebration, structuralism, was advocated by the founder of the first psychology lab, Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately, other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. The following are some of the major schools of thought that have influenced our knowledge and understanding of psychologyStructuralism vs. Functionalism1) Structuralism was the first school of psychology, and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basal components. Major structuralist thinkers include Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchner.2) Functionalism formed as a reaction to the theories of the structuralist school of thought and was heavily influenced by the work of William James. This school focused on the functions of human behaviors and not their structure. Major functionalist thinkers included John Dewey and Harvey Carr. Evolutionary psychology is founded on the view that the function of all psychological phenomena in human evolution is a necessary perspective to their understanding.Gestalt Psychology3) Gestalt psychology is based upon the idea that we experience things as unified wholes. This approach to psychology began in Germany and Austria during the late 19th speed of light in response to the molecular approach of structuralism. Rather that breaking down thoughts and behavior to their smallest element, the gestalt psychologists believed that you must look at the whole of experience. According to the gestalt thinkers, the whole is great than the sum of its parts. Max Wertheimer is often credited as the founder of this movement.PsychoanalysisSigmund Freud was the found of 4) Psychodynamic approach. This school of thought emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Fre ud believed that the human mind was composed of three elements the id, the ego, and the superego. Other major psychodynamic thinkers include Anna Freud, Carl Jung, and Erik Erikson.Behaviorism5) Behaviorism became the dominant school of thought during the 1950s. Based upon the work of thinkers such as John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B. F. Skinner, behaviorism holds that all behavior can be explained by environmental causes, rather than by internal forces. Behaviorism is focused on noticeable behavior. Theories of learning including classical conditioning and operant conditioning were the focus of a great deal of research.Humanistic Psychology6) Humanistic psychology developed as a response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Humanistic psychology instead focused on individual free will, personal growth, and self-actualization. Major humanist thinkers included Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.cognitive Psychology7) Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies mental proc esses including how people think, perceive, problem solve, remember, and learn. As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics. One of the most influential theories from this school of thought was the stages of cognitive development theory proposed by Jean Piaget. Later work in this field was pioneered by names like Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck.

Republic of Ireland’s Primary Care Strategy: An Analysis

Re unrestricted of Irelands patriarchal disturbance Strategy An AnalysisPrimary C ar StrategyIntroductionPrimary upkeep is the first point of contact that people have with the health and personal social services.1 This means that primary bearing must be sufficiently well developed to be able to address the just about complex and diverse range of health-related challenges and problems that will manifest in health commission service cookery, and feign the almost of opportunities to promote health and reduce morbidity, across the prevalent population in specific target groups. This essay will explore the Republic of Irelands primary administer outline in relation to key goals and targets, and also examine galore(postnominal) elements of the strategy in terms of a SWOT analysis. limited reference will be made to the manipulation of the Specialist Public health Nurse/wellness Visitor Role.Main BodyPrimary apportion can be defined as first contact, continuous, comprehensi ve, and coordinated care provided to populations undifferentiated by gender, disease, or organ system.2 Primary care is about the provision of information, diagnosis, treatment, referral and support for the majority of people who access healthcare services for the first time, and the strategic concerns of primary are related to accessibility, provision of short and long-term care which meets the needs of the population, assessment of those needs, and coordination of services to meet those needs3. This has many implications for the provision of healthcare services and the management of increasingly scarce resources.However, it is evident from the literature that in most locations, primary healthcare services dormant have a long way to go in meeting the goals of primary healthcare itself, particularly in relation to improving integration of services and reorienting services to a person-centred representative, rather than a disease-centred model. Primary healthcare is viewed as a mea ns of reducing the consumption of and demand for overall healthcare services by acting as a gatekeeper for secondary healthcare, and as a means of primary stripe of healthcare problems and disease, particularly in high risk groups of the population, but t here is ongoing evidence and debate within the academic literature that there are continuing issues about the lack of egalitarian access to such services and ongoing questions about the ways in which they are provided4. It is considered by some that the decisions which modulate the design and delivery of primary care services are potentially more found on political drivers than true patient need5. Similarly, the gateway right of the primary care service in determining which patients have access to acute care (or secondary care) services may not be based on individual need, but on other(a) factors, such as political, social and even personal factors, including prejudices on the part of healthcare professionals6. The primary ca re strategy, if it provides strong guidance which leads to strong leadership, and perhaps enhances management of care through the use of agreed care pathways which guide decision making, might help overthrow some of these factors. Making the person-centred care model central will also help to remove some of the barriers to egalitarian service provision7. However, one of the challenges of the Republic of Ireland model is the fact that two thirds of patients in primary care must pay for their care, which would mean that despite the focus on removing inequalities in access, there continue to be challenges for providing equality of access8.One of the strengths of the primary care strategy is the focus on improving interprofessional working and communications, as a means of streamlining use of services and preventing two-baser up or overlap of services9. Improving interprofessional working at the primary care level is one thing, but the strategy also needs to stop that the intersecti on between primary and secondary care is properly managed, and that patients moving from acute care settings into community settings continue to have a streamlined, person-centred model of care applied, with good continuity of care10. However, there is also a need for the provision of strong leadership, which supports the implementation of the changes associated with this re-orientation of primary care in Ireland, and which supports new ways of working and helps to break down the barriers between the professions11, 12.This is where the role of the health Visitor can be examined in a little more detail, in relation to realising some of the goals of the Primary Care Strategy, and in addressing some of the challenges of this. It has long been the case that Health Visitors work across professional boundaries, and work closely with a range of other health professionals, because within the community, specialist and generic roles are equally required in supporting individual patient need1 3. The interprofessional interface is perhaps one of the most fundamental elements of the work of the Health Visitor, but at the same time is perhaps not given enough attention or credit in terms of the impact that Health Visitors have in the prevention of illness and public health sectors of primary healthcare14, 15.The Public Health focus of the primary care strategy is inherent in much of the rhetoric it contains, particularly as it expressly cites the potential for preventive strategies to reduce overall healthcare resource use16. It is here that the Health Visitors role perhaps has the greatest scope, and should be more strongly underlined, as this is a great resource for change. Research shows that the role of the health visitor is paramount and unparalleled, in reducing risk related behaviours, improving health outcomes, promoting healthy lifestyles and engaging in the more challenging areas of the health/social car interface17, 18, 19. However, there is also some evidence to suggest that nurses and, in particular, health visitors, have a key role to play in expanding and delivering the public health dimension of primary care20. In particular, the development of improved partnerships in health and social care may be made mathematical through the role of such nurses, who have the broader community knowledge as well as specialist knowledge of key areas of public health21. These partnerships can be developed with a focus on the quality of care provision, not just the identification of need22, 23, 24. However, managing the development of improved partnerships, and achieving the goals of the Strategy, is going to be challenging during the alteration period, and there may be a degree of uncertainty over roles and boundaries25. It might be that Health Visitors are in a prime military posture to provide the leadership required during such a time.Conclusions and Recommendations.Below is a summary of a brief SWOT analysis of the primary care strategy and isome of its potential implications.Table 1 SWOT analysis of Primary Care (with Reference to the Republic of Ireland Primary Health Strategy26)This shows that while there are issues with weaknesses and threats, many of these are the kind that have been present within the primary arena for some time, and it will take good leadership, and good use of existing skills and resources, to acquire the goals of the strategy. While the primary care focus for healthcare services is laudable, there is still the overwhelming need for good resourcing, more clarity about provision, and finish off guidance on how to move forward to achieve these goals. Making use of existing roles, such as that of the Health Visitor, whose work crosses the intersections of care at so many points in the primary care sector, could improve quality of care, reduce the impact of the change and transition, and also set standards for the future to increase interprofessional communication and partnership. sure as shooting it should not be assumed that the strategy will eradicate all the existing problems about the provision of primary care in Ireland, and those problems must still be addressed in future provision30.References 213615Allen, P. (2000) Accountability for clinical governance developing collective responsibility for quality in primary care. British medical examination daybook 321 608611.Barlow, J., Davis, H., McIntosh, E. et al (2007) Role of home visiting in improving parenting and health in families at risk of abuse and neglect results of a multicentre randomized controlled trial and economic evaluation Archives of Disease in Childhood 92 229-233.Campbell, S.M., Roland, M.O., Middleton, E. and Reeves, D. (2005) Improvements in quality of clinical care in English general practice 1998-2003 longitudinal observational study. BMJ 12331(7525)1121Carr, S.M. (2007) Leading change in public health factors that inhibit and facilitate energizing the process. PrimaryHealth Care Research and Develo pment. 8 207-215.Chavasse, J. (1998) Policy as an influence on public health nuse education in the Republic of Ireland. Journal of advanced Nursing 28 (1) 172-177.Chavasse, J. (1995) Public Health Nursing in the Republic of Ireland. Nursing Review 14 (1) 4-8.Currie, G. and Suhomlinova, O. (2006) The Impact of Institutional Forces Upon Knowledge Sharing in the UK NHS The Triumph of Professional Power and the repugnance of Policy. Public Administration 84 (1) 1-30.Department of Health and Children (2001) Primary Care a New Direction. Available from http//www.dohc.ie/publications/pdf/primcare.pdf?direct=1 Accessed 10-11-08.Douglas, F., van Teijlingen, E., Torrance, N. et al (2006) Promoting physiological activity inprimary care settings health visitors and practice nurses views and experiences. Journal of Advanced Nursing 55 (2) 159-168.Dunnion, M.E. Kelly, B. (2005) From the emergency department to home Journal of Clinical Nursing 14 776-785.Ewles, L. (2005). Key Topics in Public Health. London. Churchill Livingstone.Jackson, C., Coe, A., Cheater, F.M. and Wroe, S. (2007) Specialist health visitor-led weight management intervention in primary care exploratory evaluation Journal of Advanced Nursing 58 (1) 23-34.Lordan, G. (2007) What determines a patients treatment? Evidence from out of hours primary care co-op data in the Republic of Ireland. Health Care Management and Science 10 283-292.McGregor, P., Nolan, A., Nolan, B. and ONeill, C. (2007) A comparison of GP visiting in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. ESRI Working Ppaper Avaialble from www.esri.ie Accessed 10-11-08.McMurray, R. and Chester, F. (2003) Partnerships for health expanding the public health nursing role within PCTs. Primary Health Care Research and Development4 57-65.Masterson, A. (2002) Cross-boundary working a macro-political analysis of the impact on professional roles. Journal of Clinical Nursing 11 331-339.Mitchell, P.S., Schaad, D.C, Odegard, P.S. Ballweg, R.A. (2006) Work ing across the boundaries of health professions disciplines in education, research and service the University of Washington experience. Academic Medicine 81 (10) 891-896.ODowd, A. (2005) hesitation over reorganisation is destabilising primary care. BMJ331 1164Price, B. (2006) Exploring person-centred care. Nursing Standard 20 (50) 49-56.Rummery, K. and Coleman, A. (2001) Primary health and social care services in the UK progress towards partnership? favorable Science Medicine 56 (8) 1773-1782Stanley, D., Reed, J. Brown, S. (1999) Older people, care management and interprofessional practice. Journal of Interprofessional Care 13 (3) 229-237.Starfield, B. (1994) Is primary care essential The Lancet 344 1129-1133.Thomas, P., Graffy, J., Wallace, P. (2006) How Primary Care Networks Can Help Integrate Academic and Service Initiatives in Primary Care Annals of Family Medicine 4235-239.Vernon, S., Ross, F. Gould, M.A. (2000) Assessment of older people government and practice in primar y care. Journal of Advanced Nursing 31 (2) 282-287.Watkins, D., Edwards, J. Gastrell, P. eds. (2003). Community Health Nursing Frameworks for Practice. 2nd ed. p.35. London, Baillire Tindall.1Footnotes1 Department of Health and Children (2001) p 7.2 Starfield, B. (1994)3 Starfield (ibid)4 Vernon, S., Ross, F. Gould, M.A. (2000)5 Vernon (ibid)6 Starfield (ibid).7 Price, B. (2006)8 McGregor, P., Nolan, A., Nolan, B. and ONeill, C. (2007)9 Stanley, D., Reed, J. Brown, S. (1999)10 Dunnion, M.E. Kelly, B. (2005)11 Carr, S.M. (2007)12 Currie, G. and Suhomlinova, O. (2006)13 Watkins, D., Edwards, J. Gastrell, P. eds. (2003).14 Ewles, L. (2005).15 Jackson, C., Coe, A., Cheater, F.M. and Wroe, S. (2007)16 Department of Health and Children (ibid).17 Barlow, J., Davis, H., McIntosh, E. et al (2007)18 McMurray, R. and Chester, F. (2003)19 Douglas, F., van Teijlingen, E., Torrance, N. et al (2006)20 McMurray (ibid)21 McMurray (ibid)22 Allen, P. (2000)23 Campbell, S.M., Roland, M.O., Middlet on, E. and Reeves, D. (2005)24 Rummery, K. and Coleman, A. (2001)25 ODowd, A. (2005)26 Department of Health and Children (ibid).27 Masterson, A. (2002)28 Mitchell, P.S., Schaad, D.C, Odegard, P.S. Ballweg, R.A. (2006).29 Thomas, P., Graffy, J., Wallace, P. (2006)30 Lordan, G. (2007)